Fil: Deluca, Gerardo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Medicina; Corrientes, Argentina.Fil: Basiletti, Jorge. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Virus del Papiloma Humano. Servicio de Virus Oncogénicos; Argentina.Fil: Schelover, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto Regional de Medicina; Chaco, Argentina.Fil: Díaz Vásquez, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto Regional de Medicina; Chaco, Argentina.Fil: Alonso, José Mario. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto Regional de Medicina; Chaco, Argentina.Fil: Marín, Héctor Marcelo. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto Regional de Medicina; Chaco, Argentina.Fil: Lucero, Raúl Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto Regional de Medicina; Chaco, Argentina.Fil: Picconi, María Alejandra. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia en Virus del Papiloma Humano. Servicio de Virus Oncogénicos; Argentina.High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are strongly associated with cervical cancer (CC), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most frequent sexually transmitted bacterial infection (STBI) worldwide, seems to be a risk factor for HPV infection and for CC. It is also known that both agents are more prevalent in vulnerable communities where lack of adequate primary health care is a cause for concern. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of CT and HPV infections in women belonging to an isolated aboriginal population (Pilaga community) from a poor region in Northern Argentina (province of Formosa). For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was performed in all sexually active Pilaga women, who attended a local community-based gynecological health screening project. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method on a cervical brush specimen was used to detect both agents.