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Estudio piloto de detecci?n del virus de la rabia en quir?pteros del departamento del Tolima
Registro en:
Cifuentes Jim?nez, Jimmy Fernando. Estudio piloto de detecci?n del virus de la rabia en quir?pteros del departamento del Tolima. Ibagu? : Universidad del Tolima, 2018.
Autor
Cifuentes Jim?nez, Jimmy Fernando
Institución
Resumen
75 p. Recurso Electr?nico La rabia es una enfermedad zoon?tica mortal causada por un virus ARN neurotr?pico de la familia Rhabdoviridae. La enfermedad se caracteriza por encefalitis y es responsable de m?ltiples muertes anuales de personas y animales. Los quir?pteros son los principales transmisores, reservorios y vectores del virus. En Colombia, un total de 35 casos de rabia humana fueron reportados entre 2000- 2014 de los cuales 29 se relacionaron a quir?pteros. La enfermedad es transmitida al humano principalmente por gatos infectados que pudieron haber cazado murci?lagos infectados. En el pa?s se ha detectado el virus de la rabia en murci?lagos hemat?fagos y algunos murci?lagos urbanos, sin embargo, en el departamento del Tolima se carece de estudios epidemiol?gicos dirigidos a conocer el estado sanitario de poblaciones de quir?pteros en su h?bitat natural. El diagn?stico de la rabia se realiza mediante la detecci?n del virus principalmente en tejido nervioso, y se ha descrito la t?cnica de RT-PCR, como una herramienta de alta sensibilidad y especificidad para su diagn?stico. Estudios epidemiol?gicos de la rabia, han demostrado que diversas poblaciones de quir?pteros son capaces de actuar como vectores y/o reservorios del virus, por lo cual se ha sugerido la vigilancia activa de las poblaciones de murci?lagos. Este estudio busc? detectar el virus de la rabia en enc?falo de quir?pteros silvestres capturados en algunos municipios del departamento del Tolima a trav?s de la t?cnica de RT-PCR. Dentro del estudio, se realiz? la caracterizaci?n morfom?trica en 12 especies de quir?pteros (n=91). Las muestras analizadas mediante RT-PCR fueron negativas al virus de la rabia. Se concluye que si bien la t?cnica de RT-PCR es efectiva en la detecci?n del virus de la rabia, la cantidad de part?culas virales en tejido de enc?falo de quir?pteros cl?nicamente sanos posiblemente no es suficiente para su detecci?n. Se recomienda ampliar el muestreo de animales y aumentar la cobertura del an?lisis, as? como implementar t?cnicas diagn?sticas complementarias que permitan contrastar los resultados del RT-PCR.
Palabras clave: Chiroptera, enfermedad zoon?tica, Rhabdoviridae, variantes gen?ticas. Rabies is a deadly zoonotic disease caused by a neurotropic RNA virus of the Rhabdoviridae family. The disease is characterized by encephalitis and is responsible for multiple annual deaths of animals and people. Chiroptera are the main transmitters, reservoirs and vectors of the virus. In Colombia, a total of 35 cases of human rabies were reported between 2000 and 2014, of which 29 were related to Chiroptera. The disease is transmitted to humans mainly by infected cats that may have hunted infected bats. In the country, the virus has been detected in hematophagous bats and some urban bats, however, in the department of Tolima, there is not epidemiological studies that allow to know the health status of Chiroptera populations in their natural habitat. The diagnosis of rabies is usually made by detecting virus particles in neurological tissues, and the RT-PCR technique is also described as a tool of high sensitivity and specificity for its diagnosis. Epidemiological studies of rabies, have shown that diverse populations of Chiroptera are able to act as vectors and / or reservoirs of the virus, for which active surveillance of bat populations has been suggested. This study sought to detect the rabies virus in encephalon of wild Chiroptera captured in some towns of the department of Tolima through the RT-PCR technique. Within the study, morphometric characterization was performed on 12 bats species (n = 91). The samples analyzed by RT-PCR were negative to rabies virus. Concluding that although the RT-PCR technique is effective in the detection of rabies virus genetic material, the amount of viral particles in brain tissue of clinically healthy bats may not be sufficient for detection. It is recommended to extend the sampling of animals and increase the coverage of the analysis, as well as implement complementary diagnostic techniques that allow contrasting the results of the RT-PCR.
Key words: Chiroptera, zoonotic disease, Rhabdoviridae, genetic variants.