dc.contributor | de Brito Brandão, Pedro Filipe | |
dc.contributor | Grupo de Estudios para la Remediación y Mitigación de Impactos Negativos al Ambiente Germina | |
dc.creator | Diez Marulanda, Juan Camilo | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-06-26T20:22:10Z | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-25T14:14:53Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-06-26T20:22:10Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-08-25T14:14:53Z | |
dc.date.created | 2023-06-26T20:22:10Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2022 | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84073 | |
dc.identifier | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.identifier | https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/8427074 | |
dc.description.abstract | El cadmio (Cd) es un metal pesado tóxico que causa problemas graves a la salud y está presente en suelos con importancia de agricultura en Colombia, como aquellos usados para el cultivo de cacao. Este metal, en su forma catiónica, puede ser tomado por la planta de cacao y bioacumulado en sus órganos. De esta forma, el Cd puede llegar a los humanos por medio del consumo de productos basados en cacao. Debido a este problema, en 2019 la Unión Europea adicionó algunos alimentos en base de cacao (ej.: chocolate, cocoa) al reglamento 1881 de 2006 que regula la cantidad de Cd en alimentos, lo cual implica una problemática para los cultivadores y exportadores de cacao del país, particularmente de Santander al tener algunos suelos con presencia de Cd y ser el mayor productor a nivel nacional. Recientemente, se ha propuesto el uso de bacterias ureolíticas por el método de precipitación de carbonatos inducida por microorganismos (MICP, por sus siglas en inglés Microbiologically Induced Carbonate Precipitation) como medida para mitigar la disponibilidad de Cd(II) en suelos contaminados. Así, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad para bioprecipitar Cd de una selección de bacterias ureolíticas resistentes al metal, aisladas de fincas cacaoteras de El Carmen de Chucurí, Santander. Tres bacterias ureolíticas Gram negativas resistentes a Cd, Serratia sp. 4.1a, Serratia sp. 5b y Acinetobacter sp. 6a, fueron seleccionadas basado en su actividad ureasa, formación de precipitados y crecimiento en medios de cultivo con Cd. Estas bacterias exhibieron bajas actividades ureasa (3,09; 1,34 y 0,31 μmol NH4+ mL-1 h-1, respectivamente), pero tuvieron la capacidad de elevar el pH a valores cercanos a 9.0 y de producir precipitados. Se probó que el Cd(II) afecta el crecimiento de las bacterias seleccionados; sin embargo, su actividad ureasa no fue influenciada negativamente. Por otro lado, la presencia de 250 μM Ni(II) en el medio de cultivo aumentó significativamente la actividad ureasa de Acinetobacter sp. 6a, mientras que no hubo un efecto considerable para las dos bacterias Serratia. El crecimiento de Serratia sp. 4.1a y Serratia sp. 5b se inhibió desde 4 mM de Cd(II) en el medio de cultivo, en tanto Acinetobacter sp. 6a presentó inhibición a 1 mM de Cd(II), por lo que se concluye que las tres bacterias pueden vivir en concentraciones más altas que aquellas encontradas en los suelos a tratar. Con respecto a la eficacia de remoción, para una concentración inicial de 0,05 mM de Cd(II) en medio líquido, se encontraron porcentajes máximos de remoción de 99,70%, 99,62% y 91,23% para Serratia sp. 4.1a, Serratia sp. 5b y Acinetobacter sp. 6a, respectivamente, mientras que para 0,15 mM de Cd(II) inicial, las remociones fueron de 99,30%, 99,57% y 98,87%, respectivamente. Los precipitados producidos por las bacterias Serratia durante el proceso de remoción de Cd, fueron identificados como calcita por DRX, encontrando también por EDX que parte del Cd se inmovilizó en esta matriz. Por último, se determinó la presencia de un gen de resistencia a Cd, parte del operón czc, en Serratia sp. 5b y Acinetobacter sp. 6a. Se pudo observar que la presencia del metal no tuvo un efecto significativo sobre su expresión, pero la presencia de urea sí. Considerando toda la información anterior, este trabajo evidencia el potencial uso de las tres bacterias seleccionadas para aplicaciones en tratamientos de muestras ambientales contaminadas con Cd. Además, es de los pocos reportes de uso de bacterias del género Serratia para remediar Cd, y aparentemente el primero en reportar la expresión diferencial de un gen de resistencia a Cd por acción de la urea. (Texto tomado de la fuente). | |
dc.description.abstract | Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that causes serious health problems and is present in agriculturally important soils in Colombia, such as those used for cocoa production. This metal, in its cationic form, can be taken up by the cocoa plant and bioaccumulated in its organs. In this way, Cd can reach humans through the consumption of cocoa-based products. Due to this problem, in 2019 the European Union added some cocoa-based foods (e.g., chocolate, cocoa) to regulation 1881 of 2006 that controls the amount of Cd in food, which implies a problem for cocoa growers and exporters in the country, particularly in Santander as it has presence of Cd in some soils, and it is the largest producer at national level. Recently, the use of ureolytic bacteria by the Microbiologically Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) method has been proposed as a measure to mitigate the availability of Cd(II) in contaminated soils. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the capacity to bioprecipitate Cd of a selection of ureolytic bacteria resistant to the metal, isolated from cocoa farms in El Carmen de Chucurí, Santander. Three Gram negative ureolytic – Cd resistant bacteria, Serratia sp. 4.1a, Serratia sp. 5b and Acinetobacter sp. 6a, were selected based on their urease activity, precipitates formation and growth in culture media containing Cd. These bacteria exhibited low urease activities (3.09, 1.34 and 0.31 μmol NH4+ mL-1 h-1, respectively), but had the ability to raise pH to values close to 9.0 and to produce precipitates. Cd(II) was proven to affect the growth of selected bacteria; however, their urease activity was not negatively influenced. On the other hand, the presence of 250 μM Ni(II) in the culture medium significantly increased the urease activity of Acinetobacter sp. 6a, while there was no considerable effect for the two Serratia bacteria. The growth of Serratia sp. 4.1a and Serratia sp. 5b was inhibited at 4mM Cd(II) in the culture medium, while Acinetobacter sp. 6a was inhibited at 1 mM Cd(II), thus concluding that the three bacteria can live at higher concentrations than those found in the soils to be treated. Regarding removal efficiency, for an initial concentration of 0.05 mM Cd(II) in liquid medium, maximum removal percentages of 99.70%, 99.62% and 91.23% were determined for Serratia sp. 4.1a, Serratia sp. 5b y Acinetobacter sp. 6a, respectively; while for 0.15 mM initial Cd(II), removals were 99.30%, 99.57% and 98.87%, respectively. The precipitates produced by the Serratia bacteria during the Cd removal process were identified as calcite by XRD, also finding by EDX analysis that part of the Cd was immobilized in this matrix. Finally, the presence of a Cd resistance gene, part of the czc operon, was determined in Serratia sp. 5b and Acinetobacter sp. 6a. It was observed that presence of the metal did not have a significant effect on its expression, but the presence of urea did. Considering all the above information, this work evidences the potential use of the three selected bacteria for applications in the treatment of Cd-contaminated environmental samples. In addition, it is one of the few works reporting the use of bacteria belonging to the genus Serratia for Cd remediation, and apparently the first to report the differential expression of a Cd resistance gene due to presence of urea. | |
dc.language | spa | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Bogotá - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Bioquímica | |
dc.publisher | Facultad de Ciencias | |
dc.publisher | Bogotá, Colombia | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá | |
dc.relation | Agrosavia | |
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dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional | |
dc.rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
dc.rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.title | Estudio de la bioprecipitación de cadmio por bacterias ureolíticas aisladas de fincas cacaoteras de Santander, Colombia | |
dc.type | Trabajo de grado - Maestría | |