Extracción asistida por microondas de compuestos fenólicos de los subproductos del beneficio del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

dc.contributorGutiérrez Álvarez, Luis Felipe
dc.contributorNarváez Cuenca, Carlos Eduardo
dc.contributorGrupo de Investigación en Biomoléculas Alimentarias
dc.creatorRincón Soledad, Martha Cecilia
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-09T14:12:09Z
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-25T12:56:49Z
dc.date.available2023-08-09T14:12:09Z
dc.date.available2023-08-25T12:56:49Z
dc.date.created2023-08-09T14:12:09Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/84505
dc.identifierUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/8426908
dc.description.abstractLa explotación cacaotera genera grandes cantidades de subproductos (principalmente la cacota (CPH) (86% del peso fresco) y la cascarilla (CBS) (12% del peso seco del grano)) pues sólo aprovecha económicamente los granos, que representa aproximadamente 10% de la masa del fruto fresco. A pesar del gran volumen de subproductos generados por el procesamiento del cacao y de su riqueza en compuestos de valor agregado, en la práctica común, éstos son usados como biofertilizante en las plantaciones de cacao, o simplemente desaprovechados. En este trabajo, de planteó la obtención de compuestos fenólicos y antioxidantes mediante extracción asistida por microondas (MAE) como alternativa de valorización de estos subproductos. Para cumplir este objetivo, se evaluó el efecto de la potencia (200, 300 y 400 W) y tiempo de extracción (120, 180 y 240 s), y de la relación de solvente/sólido (L/S) (30, 50 y 70 mL/g), en el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos, empleando etanol al 63% como solvente, y siguiendo un diseño experimental de tipo Box-Behnken. La composición de los compuestos fenólicos para cascarilla fue determinada por UHPLC-DAD. A los extractos de CPH y CBS obtenidos en condiciones óptimas se les evaluó su actividad citotóxica sobre líneas celulares tumorales HT-29 (adenocarcinoma colorectal), A549 (adenocarcinoma de pulmón), CAL-27 (carcinoma escamo celular de lengua) y MCF-7 (adenocarcinoma de glándula mamaria). Los resultados mostraron que para la cacota, la potencia de extracción y la relación L/S fueron los factores más influyentes en las variables de respuesta, mientras que para la cascarilla fue más influyente el tiempo de extracción. El mayor rendimiento, contenido de fenoles y capacidad antioxidante (FRAP, DPPH) para la cacota en condiciones óptimas se obtiene a 397,52 W; 233,98 s y 69,99 mL/g. En la cascarilla las condiciones óptimas se obtienen a 399,88 W; 217,42 s y 69,71 mL/g, encontrando que este último subproducto principalmente está compuesto por teobromina y cafeína. En cuanto a la evaluación in vitro sobre las líneas celulares, los extractos de los subproductos del beneficio del cacao mostraron baja selectividad y actividad citotóxica. (Texto tomado de la fuente)
dc.description.abstractCocoa farming generates large quantities of by-products (mainly cocoa pod husk (CPH) (86% of the fresh weight) and cocoa bean shell (CBS) (12% of the dry weight of the bean)), since only the seed, which represents approximately 10% of the mass of the fresh fruit, is economically exploited. Despite the large volume of by-products generated by cocoa processing and their richness in value-added compounds, in common practice, these are used as biofertilizer in cocoa plantations, or simply wasted. In this work, the obtaining of phenolic compounds and antioxidants by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was proposed as an alternative for the valorization of these by-products. To meet this objective, the effect of power (200, 300 and 400 W) and extraction time (120, 180 and 240 s), and of the solvent/solid (L/S) ratio (30, 50 and 70 mL/g), on the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated, using 63% ethanol as solvent, and following a Box-Behnken experimental design. The composition of phenolic compounds for CBS was determined by UHPLC-DAD. CPH and CBS extracts obtained under optimal conditions were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), CAL-27 (squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue) and MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) tumor cell lines. The results showed that for coca pod husk, extraction power and L/S ratio were the most influential factors on the response variables, while for cascarilla, extraction time was more influential. The highest yield, phenol content and antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH) for CPH under optimum conditions are obtained at 397.52 W; 233.98 s and 69.99 mL/g. In the cocoa bean shell the optimal conditions are obtained at 399.88 W; 217.42 s and 69.71 mL/g, finding that this last by-product is mainly composed of theobromine and caffeine. As for the in vitro evaluation on cell lines, the extracts of cocoa processing by-products showed low selectivity and cytotoxic activity.
dc.languageeng
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisherBogotá - Ciencias Agrarias - Maestría en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos
dc.publisherFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias
dc.publisherBogotá, Colombia
dc.publisherUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Bogotá
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dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleExtracción asistida por microondas de compuestos fenólicos de los subproductos del beneficio del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría


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