The following translation analysis has been carried out on the basis of a linguistic approach oriented to the study of a socio-cultural phenomenon called cultureme or cultural bound item. This graduation project is based on an annotated translation of two literary pieces from the Ecuadorian book ‘‘Los que se van’’ (Gallegos Lara, Gil Gilbert, & Aguilera Malta, 2004).The aim of this paper is to determine the advisable techniques for the decoding and coding of cultural specific elements or culturemes found in the source text, which is a compilation of selected short stories for the transference into English. The readership will acquire a rich perspective about the identity of rural communities in the Coast of Ecuador by appreciating the relevant autochthonous terms used in daily communication taking into account the historical framework and context of the original book ‘‘Los que se van’’ and the importance of the dissemination of Ecuadorian culture and literature around the globe.