Effective plant conservation involves careful con- sideration and difficult choices when investing limit- ed resources to conservation programs and policies. The conservation practice must integrate the under- standing of existing and future environmental threats, taxonomic distinctiveness, numbers of individuals in populations, reproductive biology, ex situ propagation and the maintenance of evolutionary processes influ- encing population distribution patterns. Effective plant conservation involves careful con- sideration and difficult choices when investing limit- ed resources to conservation programs and policies. The conservation practice must integrate the under- standing of existing and future environmental threats, taxonomic distinctiveness, numbers of individuals in populations, reproductive biology, ex situ propagation and the maintenance of evolutionary processes influ- encing population distribution patterns.