The synthetic cathelicidin HHC-10 inhibits mycobacterium bovis BCG in vitro and in C57BL/6 mice

Abstract

This paper describes computer simulations of the effect of the C/T ratio on acquisition rate in artificial neural networks. The networks consisted of neural processing elements that functioned according to a neurocomputational model whose learning rule is consistent with information on dopaminergic mechanisms of reinforcement. In Simulation 1, three comparisons were made: constant C and variable T, variable C and constant T, and a constant C/T with variable C and T. In the last two comparisons, C was manipulated by changing the probability of reinforcement within the intertrial interval (ITI), in the absence of the conditioned stimulus (CS). Acquisition rate tended to increase with C/T, and the invariant ratio had no effect. In Simulation 2, C was manipulated by changing the ITI, with continuous reinforcement in the presence of the CS and no reinforcements in its absence. Results were comparable to those obtained in Simulation 1. Simulation 3 further explored the effect of the invariant ratio, but with larger absolute values of C and T, which slowed acquisition significantly. The results parallel some experimental findings and theoretical implications of the Gibbon-Balsam model, showing that they can emerge from the moment-to-moment dynamics of a neural-network model. In contrast to that model, however, Simulation 3 suggests that the effect of invariant C/T ratios may be bounded. " 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",,,,,,"10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.008",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45331","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-17444395997&partnerID=40&md5=6cc93b666744fcc1306cf3c8eedf5138",,,,,,"2",,"Behavioural Processes",,"249

256",,"69",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"C/T ratio; Neural networks",,,,,,"Theoretical note: The C/T ratio in artificial neural networks",,"Conference Paper" "47087","123456789/35008",,"Ramos-Zúñiga, R., Exp. Microsurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Department of Neurosciences, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Victoria 1531, CP44630 Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico",,"Ramos-Zuniga, R.",,"1999",,"The trans-supraorbital approach represents the advantage of combining the keyhole principle and skull base surgery. In cadaveric work the author shows the anatomic fields visualized with this procedure, advantages and potential surgical applications. The experimental surgical procedure was performed on 8 adult skulls and on 3 cadavers with intact cerebral structures. First, a 2 cm supraorbital approach for endoscopic exploration was used. The basic anatomic landmarks and corresponding dimensions of the microsurgical field were recorded and then compared with those from the trans-supraorbital approach, after removing the orbital arch and other parts of the orbital ceiling. This technique offers a 0.5 cm average increase in surgical field from the craniotomy. The surgical distance that results is shorter (about 2 cm), as well as the length of the surgical instruments required. A better microscope illumination in the deep fields, and the possibility of access to the intraorbital region, the superior orbital fissure, the optic foramen, and the cavernous sinus through the clinoid space are also obtained, with minimal cerebral retraction and similar advantages as through the pterional trans-sylvian approach. The author concludes that by extending the craniotomy and decreasing the surgical distance, the microsurgical field is more convenient for microscope-assisted surgery without totally relying on the endoscope, and with minimal brain retraction. It also provides multiple options to approach vascular and tumor lesions found in these microsurgical corridors, combining principles of minimal invasion and skull-base surgery.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45308","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0344549143&partnerID=40&md5=6f38cfe7f44279a94b2722ff38a338cf

http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med4&AN=10535296",,,,,,"3",,"Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery",,"133

136",,"42",,"Scopus

WOS

MEDLINE",,,,"Index Medicus;Adult;Craniotomy/mt [Methods];Craniotomy/st [Standards];Endoscopy/mt [Methods];Endoscopy/st [Standards];Humans;Microsurgery/mt [Methods];Microsurgery/st [Standards];Orbit/su [Surgery]",,"Endoscope assisted microneurosurgery; Keyhole surgery; Microanatomy; Suprasellar region",,,,,,"The trans-supraorbital approach",,"Article" "47095","123456789/35008",,,,"Carbajal López, David",,"2013",,"A lo largo del siglo XVIII, el episcopado novohispano intentó reformar el uso de las campanas imponiíndoles una disciplina jerárquica, introduciendo nuevas sensibilidades sonoras y reforzando el carácter sagrado de las campanas. La corona respaldo dicha reforma, pero procurando emplearla para reforzar su propia jurisdicción, generando casos puntuales de enfrentamiento, que muestran, sin embargo, los acuerdos fundamentales entre los representantes de ambas potestades. La reforma, en fin, generó solicitudes de exención de las nuevas normas, que muestran la importancia de los repiques y dobles para las corporaciones novohispanas, así como una crítica, incipiente todavía, tendente a reducir su presencia en el espacio público.",,,,,,,,"0186-0348","http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45316","http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0186-03482013000200001&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es; http://132.248.9.1:8991/F/T2YHQN5JKYSPCIP3SAPK3TB1KGTDDEFCSVNH496MXCXGEJUB2B-11857?func=full-set-set&set_number=025047&set_entry=000116&format=999",,"Español",,,,"86",,"Secuencia",,"sep-26",,,,"CLASE

PERIODICA",,,,,,,,"Etnología y antropología social",,,"Jerarqueas, jurisdicciones y sensibilidades","Jerarqueas, jurisdicciones y sensibilidades: aspectos de la reforma de las campanas en Nueva España, 1700-1808",,"journalArticle" "47091","123456789/35008",,"Ramos-Larios, G., Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Vallarta No. 2602, 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Phillips, J.P., Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Vallarta No. 2602, 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Kemp, S.N., Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Vallarta No. 2602, 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico",,"Ramos-Larios, G.

Phillips, J.P.

Kemp, S.N.",,"2006",,"We have determined the distribution of H2 emission in 14 planetary nebulae (PNe), using imaging and photometry published by the 2MASS infrared survey. This technique is only applicable under certain stringent conditions, and requires precise broad band photometry, and accurate spatial registration between the Ks and H band images. It is, in addition, only applicable to certain sources, and excludes outflows in which central star and grain thermal excesses are appreciable. Our results for NGC 3132, NGC 6720, IC 4406 and M 2-9 are closely similar to those of previous narrow band imaging, and confirm that H2 emission is confined to narrow, highly fragmented shells. Similar results are obtained for M 1-7, .M 1-8, and M 3-5. Our spatial profiles also confirm that the emission extends outside of the primary ionised shells. Where envelopes are large, and the PNe are more evolved, then the fractional extensions ??/? appear to be at their smallest. They are also similar to the radial widths predicted for H 2 abundance profiles, and to the values ?R/R determined through magnetohydrodynamic modelling of shocks. There appears, finally, to be evidence for an evolution in this parameter, such that ??/? varies with increasing envelope size d(H) as ??/? ? d(H)2.2.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45312","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33745243803&partnerID=40&md5=c3a52b7c8220bc52baaff396371b6b2a",,,,,,"1",,"Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica",,"131

144",,"42",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"ISM: General; Planetary Nebulae: General",,,,,,"The use of Ks band photometric excesses to investigate H 2 emission in planetary nebulae",,"Article" "47078","123456789/35008",,"Llamas-González, Y.Y., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico; Pedroza-Roldán, C., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico; Cortés-Serna, M.B., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico; Márquez-Aguirre, A.L., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico; Gálvez-Gastélum, F.J., Unidad de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Flores-Valdez, M.A., Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigacion y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseno Del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Av. Normalistas 800 Col. Colinas de la Normal, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico",,"Llamas-Gonzalez, Y.Y.

Pedroza-Roldan, C.

Cortes-Serna, M.B.

Marquez-Aguirre, A.L.

Galvez-Gastelum, F.J.

Flores-Valdez, M.A.",,"2013",,"Tuberculosis causes close to 1.5 million deaths in the world, with new cases exceeding 9 million in recent years. Coinfection with HIV further worsens the global situation. New molecules that overcome the limitations of currently used drugs are needed. We aimed to determine whether HHC-10 is active against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria Mycobacterium bovis bacille calmette guerin (BCG) in vitro and in vivo. For this, HHC-10 was tested in vitro using different peptide concentrations, and in vivo, in C57BL/6 mice infected intratracheally, at two doses (1.25 and 2.5 mg kg-1, once a week, 4 weeks). Interferon (IFN)-?, TNF-?, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 mRNA transcript levels were compared between treated and nontreated mice. In vitro, HHC-10 decreased 69% and 88% the number of colony-forming units (CFU) per millileter recovered after 24-hr treatment at 50 and 100 ?g/ml, respectively. In vivo, BCG CFUs in mouse lungs were reduced 77.8% and 95.8% at 1.25 and 2.5 mg kg-1, respectively. IFN-? expression was lower in the HHC-10-treated group than that of nontreated animals. Considering genomic conservation between BCG and M. tuberculosis, the in vitro and in vivo activities of HHC-10 observed in this study suggest that the use of this peptide may be useful as therapeutic agent against tuberculosis. " Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2013.