Dissertação
Identificação de leveduras causadoras de micoses oportunistas em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Fecha
2020-08-31Autor
Lucrécia de Fátima Geraldo
Institución
Resumen
Yeasts are among the major causes of nosocomial infectious diseases in the world,
in particular those caused by the species of the genus in Candida, in particular the
species Candida albicans, as it is the most prevalent in diseases in humans.
Subsequently they follow C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis and C.
dubliniensis, of which we also mention the emerging ones, C. nivariensis, C.
inconspicuous, C. norvegensis and C. auris. The species of the genus Candida are
part of the human microbiota and are present in mucous membranes, skin and
genital tract, but they can become pathogenic triggering infectious processes and
serious systemic diseases, especially in immunocompromised individuals. The
identification of these yeasts is carried out by biochemical tests, culture and by
molecular methods. It is important to highlight the performance of continuous
surveillance activities to identify changes in incidence rates, etiological agents,
susceptible populations and resistance to antifungals. The objective of this work is to
identify the yeasts that cause opportunistic mycoses in two hospitals in Belo
Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. In addition to comparing the data obtained with the
results found in the units' laboratory and with information in the patient's record. The
methodology includes obtaining samples, isolation and identification of yeasts,
cryopreservation, use and analysis of data. Of 129 biological samples provided by
the collaborating hospitals, 151 isolates were obtained and 51 isolates were
analyzed. Initially the isolates were separated into groups according to their
macroscopic characteristics, using the CHROMágar Candida® culture medium for
this. The isolates were identified using molecular biology techniques, oligonucleotide
fingerprinting (GTG) 5 repeated sequences interspersed granting amplification of
DNA fragments of different sizes and molecular sequencing. After analyzing the
results using the CHROMágar Candida® method, we observed the prevalence of C.
albicans, unidentified and C. krusei. We also observed the prevalence of the species
C. albicans followed by C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis and Kluyveromyces
marxianus. The 51 patients admitted to the collaborating hospitals had an average
age of 44.4 years, the majority live in Belo Horizonte and also without information
regarding the profession, 52.94% have HIV positive tests and 28 have died. We
verified with this work, the importance of using molecular methodology, with more
precise results, compared to the conventional methodology