Dissertação
Análise da literatura relacionada ao abastecimento de água em contextos rurais específicos
Fecha
2022-10-07Autor
Naiara Ramos de Oliveira
Institución
Resumen
The presence of drinking water in households located in territories characterized by
dispersion in the form of occupation represents a laborious task for its residents. The
long-standing urban-rural dualistic structure and economic development focused on
some sectors have imposed and still impose challenges on the management of
drinking water in several countries due to low demand, geographic isolation and
limited human and financial capacity. The present research aims to analyze the
profiles of publications that cover water supply in places where houses are isolated
from each other, qualifying the most recurrent themes and quantifying their
occurrence in time and space, in order to expose the main challenges found in
publications on water supply in the contexts of territorial occupation under study. For
this, 10,101 publications from the main cientific databases were used, which refer to
water supply interfaces in that context. In order to achieve the type of intended reality
– the dispersion of dwellings in the territory, characterizing the isolated rural – the
following search terms were used (a search string with AND and OR operators):
“water” AND “decentralized systems” OR “household solutions” OR “individual
solutions” OR “small-scale” OR “dispersed regions” OR “isolated regions” OR
“dispersed dwellings”. Such terms received special attention regarding the ways of
conceptualizing the reality in evidence, regarding the specificities of the terms when
translated into English. The analysis focused on thematic networks linked to water
supply interfaces, analyzed from the historical context and landmarks on the subject
greater impact. A significant number of studies have been exploring this theme from
different angles. In chronological order, a growing range of works recognizes drinking
water as indispensable to public health, an ideal that has given rise to the recognition
of water as a fundamental human right. However, many works continued to focus on
technical approaches and operational procedures, with consequent limited attention
to management and low technological appropriation by the population residing in
isolation contexts. In the field of public health, decisions are based on scientific
evidence from systematic approaches, revealing that drinking water consumption is
inseparable from health. This approach reinforcing the importance of research that
favors the compression of structural and structuring measures, so that the physical
structure that represents the set of techniques for water supply, has management
that guarantees sustainability and longevity to the solution. Management is
configured as the axis that sustains the progress of universal service to rural
populations, and its improvement is necessary so that the water supply becomes a
reality for the population that does not fit the principle of economy of scale.