Diseño de un sistema de energía solar fotovoltaico para la reducción de la huella de carbono, en la generación eléctrica de zonas no interconectadas. Caso de estudio Bocas del Pauto Casanare

Abstract

The purpose of this document was to design a photovoltaic solar system as an alternative power generation to replace diesel power plants in non-interconnected areas in Colombia, being Bocas del Pauto in Trinidad, Casanare the study site. To achieve this design, the calculation and characterization of the required energy demand was initially carried out, that would allow the supply of 24 hours of continuous electrical service for each of the 178 homes that exist on this site. With this information, possible substitution scenarios were proposed, both off-grid and on-grid, considering the financial factor and the carbon footprint emitted by each individual solution (photovoltaic, diesel) or by their hybridization. After performing the calculations and simulation in the Pvsyst software, it was obtained as a result that the off-grid photovoltaic system per home requires 8 solar panels of 310 Wp, a MPPT 150/60 of 48V regulator, a 2.7 kW 48V inverter and 8 12V batteries with a capacity of 234 Ah each (autonomy of 2 days). The total cost of this photovoltaic arrangement is of $70,381,077 COP with a margin of 15%. Regarding the on-grid simulation, 3 substitution scenarios were considered (100%, 70% and 30%) considering a schedule from 7:00 am to 5:00 pm (presence of sun) from which it was deduced that the financially and environmentally viable option is 100% substitution, that is, the on-grid system supplies the demand required during the day, and at night the diesel generator starts operating, thus allowing continuous electrical service.

According to the simulation carried out in Pvsyst, the on-grid arrangement requires 9 panels of 310 Wp and a 2.7 kW inverter, that, according to the budget made, its total cost is $20,430,812 COP with a margin of 15%. The other two scenarios proposed require 3 solar panels with power of 310 Wp and 490 Wp respectively, and its implementation costs are below $12,000,000 COP.

Finally, it was concluded that the financially and environmentally viable option to meet the energy demand and power required (2 kW) by the users of Bocas del Pauto, is the hybrid design of an on-grid SSFV with 100% capacity during daylight hours (7:00 am to 5:00 pm) and at night from 05:00 pm to 10:00 pm the diesel generator would work at its 100% capacity, and from 10:00 to 07:00 am the next day it would work at 25% capacity. For an implementation in the 178 homes of this zone an investment of $3,636,684,536 COP without VAT is needed which includes transportation, installation, accessories among others, and not including the cost to pay for the diesel fuel needed for the night. With the above configuration, a 99% reduction in the carbon footprint generated by electricity consumption was achieved and 69% regarding fuel consumption. Being the total emission of the hybrid system (electricity and fuel consumption) of 3,13 tCO2eq/year in each of the homes.