Factores de riesgo psicosocial y síntomas musculoesqueléticos en el personal administrativo de una empresa colombiana de planes de viaje, 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are fundamentally associated with exposure to biomechanical and psychological risk factors. According to the evidence, DME manifests itself with an increase in muscle tone secondary to work stress, which in the long term is reflected in the development of musculoskeletal ailments, being increasingly evident that health problems at work and work productivity they are related to mental health problems such as stress and fatigue. The possible analysis and control of psychosocial risk factors presents two alternatives: identification and intervention to promote well-being and improve the health of those who already suffer from them. Objective: To identify the psychosocial risk factors associated with the development of upper limb musculoskeletal symptoms in the administrative staff of a Colombian travel planning company. Methodology: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted. The sample consisted of 90 employees from the administrative area. The variables studied were: sociodemographic, clinical and psychosocial variables. The instruments used were adaptations of the sociodemographic survey of the human talent management department - occupational health and safety management system proposed in Decree 1072 of 2015 by the Ministry of Labor, the Kuorinka Nordic questionnaire, and the questionnaire Copenhagen Psychosocial. In the statistical analysis, for the qualitative variables the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies was calculated and the quantitative variables were described with measures of central tendency and dispersion. Additionally, 90-95% confidence intervals were obtained for the measure of central tendency. Bivariate analysis was performed to identify psychosocial variables associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, applying Kendall's Tau-b test statistic. Results: The workers of the administrative area of the company are exposed to risk factors of a psycho-labor type and manifest musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper limb. In the psychological demands variable, a statistically significant inverse association was obtained with the presence of pain, annoyance or discomfort (p=0.050), loss of strength (p=0.024) and tingling (0.031). Similarly, a statistically significant inverse association was obtained in the variable social support and quality of leadership with the presence of pain (p=0.026) and loss of strength (p=0.015). When evaluating the estimated variable, a statistically significant inverse association was found with the presence of pain, annoyance or discomfort (p=0.007). On the contrary, there was no evidence of an association between the dimensions control over work, insecurity at work and double presence, with the development of pain, loss of strength or tingling. Conclusions: An association was found between the psychosocial risk factors present in the working population of the company in question and the presence of musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper limb.