Prevalencia de hipoacusias y factores asociados en adultos mayores que acuden al Centro de Rehabilitación Integral Especializado n°5 de la ciudad de Cuenca. Periodo, Octubre 2022 – Febrero 2023

Abstract

Background: Hearing is complex as it encompasses different structures and physiological processes that facilitate audition and allow communication. In older adults, the structures that make up the auditory system deteriorate; however, there are risk factors such as exposure to noise, consumption of ototoxic drugs, familial deafness, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension that lead to hearing. Objective: Identify the prevalence of hearing loss and associated factors in older adults attending the Specialized Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center N°5 in Cuenca. Period, October 2022 – February 2023. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in older adults attending the Specialized Comprehensive Rehabilitation Center N°5 in the period October 2022 - February 2023, by reviewing medical records, risk factors and performing audiometry studies. The information was recorded in the data collection form and entered into SPSS version 22 and Microsoft Excel. Results: 118 users were registered in the study, of whom 7 had normal hearing (5.2%) and 111 had hyperacusis (94.8%). Of the users with hearing loss, 76.8% had sensorineural hearing loss, 52.4% had moderate hearing loss, 43.4% were between 71 and 80 years of age, 98.2% had bilateral hearing loss, and 40.7% were associated with the risk factor of arterial hypertension. Conclusion: conduction, sensorineural and mixed hearing loss; the leading risk factor associated with hearing loss was arterial hypertension.