Inclusión dental ectópica: una revisión de la literatura

Abstract

Objective: Analyze the publications on ectopic dental inclusion, as well as its risk factors, prevalence and respective treatments. Materials and methods: A literature review was carried out including articles from the year 2000 to 2021 in the databases: Medline/PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar. Thirty-seven bibliographic references of interest were used for the study, of which 18 case report and case series articles were selected for the analysis of clinical, pathological, and radiographic information, as well as patient demographics, anatomical location of ectopic teeth, clinical symptomatology, and treatment modalities. Results: It was determined that the dental group with the highest incidence is the third molar with 68%, followed by canines with 12%, while the remaining 20% is comprised of: second molar, second premolar, supernumerary and unspecified tooth. The prevalence in relation to gender refers to 68% in women and the most common age range of its diagnosis is the third decade of life in 40%. Regarding associated lesions, 40% correspond to dentigerous cyst, 16% to granuloma, 28% without associated lesion, 4% radicular cyst and the remaining 12% do not mention lesion. The treatment for a patient with ectopic dental inclusion varies depending on its presentation characteristics, but it is usually resolved through a surgical approach and periodic radiographic clinical controls. Conclusion: Ectopic dental inclusion has a prevalence of appearance in the third decade of life, usually when patients present symptoms and before routine radiographic examination, the most satisfactory treatment is the intraoral approach, finally the prognosis in these patients is satisfactory.