Análisis comparativo de la incidencia de materiales de las pastillas de freno en la eficiencia del frenado en un vehículo

Abstract

The objective of this work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the incidence of brake pad materials in the braking of a vehicle. Documentary research was used to learn about the different types of pills, their characteristics and chemical composition. Likewise, an experimental investigation was used, establishing the type of brake pad as independent variables; ceramic, carbon and semi-metallic, and as a dependent variable, braking efficiency. The quantitative approach with a VTEQ300 brake tester allowed the measurement of the different parameters that evaluate the braking quality, subsequently, the analysis and processing of the collected data. The study selected two types of vehicles, Toyota Hilux and Aveo Family; and, took four measurements for each of the types of brake pads. The parameters that were considered to establish the braking efficiency are: vehicle weight, axle efficiency and axle imbalance. The evaluations were carried out based on the NTE-INEN 2349-2003 Standard, which indicates the vehicular inspection procedures, including the specifications of the brake test bench. The braking efficiency values for the Toyota Hilux vehicle are 67%, using carbon pads; 77% with ceramic pads and 62% with semi-metallic pads; while the Aveo Family vehicle obtained 79% efficiency when using carbon pads, 81% with ceramic pads and 75% using semi-metallic pads. It is concluded that, for the first vehicle, the difference is statistically significant in the type of brake pads and their efficiency, for the second vehicle the difference is not significant. It is recommended, mainly to owners of Toyota Hilux vehicles, to acquire ceramic brake pads given their greater efficiency and the reduction of noise when braking.