Shaping the castle according to the rocks in the path? Perceived discrimination, social differences, and subjective wellbeing as determinants of firm type among immigrant entrepreneurs

Abstract

This paper argues that transnational entrepreneurs are characterized in terms of their differing perceptions of the host society in comparison to conventional immi- grant entrepreneurs. We focus on three aspects of individuals’ perception of informal institutions which include (1) individuals’ perception of discrimination based on first- person and third-person experience, (2) individuals’ perception of social differences, and (3) subjective wellbeing. We find that among other immigrant entrepreneurs, transnational entrepreneurs are more likely to perceive social differences within the host society, to have been discriminated against, and experience dissatisfaction regard- ing opportunities and income.