Teoria do mínimo existencial à luz de pressupostos democráticos

Abstract

The concept of existential minimum is, in general terms, the set of material conditions essential to human existence, which is changeable, according to the culture and historical moment. Investigating the existential minimum theories under the light of democratic theories is the focus of the present study. Democracy is considered the best form of government. Add theories that aim its improvement and suitability for what is best in management of the res publica (commonwealth) occurs in the present study, through deliberative democracy, characterized by the set of assumptions and conditions for the determination of political demands in favor of cooperation in the collective will formation. The existence of assumptions of freedom and equality for cooperation in democratic deliberation is fundamental. In the existence of these assumptions, there is room for the inclusion of new social rights and the effectiveness of the existing ones. In a society governed from this theory, the concretization of rights occurs satisfactorily without the need of requiring the legal sphere. However, the civil action is an appropriate legal instrument to encourage public administration to execute policies which implement fundamental social rights when they are denied to citizens. We hold that the judicial control of public policies on fundamental social rights that enable democratic cooperation can be exceptionally exercised based on criteria such as the principles of protection deficit and the backtracking seal. The strong judicial intervention concerns with assumptions about public policies linked to the Existential Minimum, attributing to mild control public policies related to the implementation of non-fundamental social rights. As examples of the strong model of judicial review in public policy, we cite the tutelage of the subjective right to provision in natura or when the budget is revealed unconstitutional, disregarding the Existential Minimum or not being isonomic. The Brazilian society claims for new social rights, especially free public transport, which already exists in small towns. Achieved social rights, such as health, education, social security and others, have universal access, but there are gaps in service provision to citizens. The existential minimum has no express mention in the Brazilian legislation, but it is present through the principles and fundamental rights.