International relations of the Syrian civil war: The United States and Russia in the struggle for international power

Las relaciones internacionales de la guerra civil Siria: Estados Unidos y Rusia en la lucha por el poder internacional;
As relações internacionais da guerra civil Síria: Estados Unidos e Rússia na luta pelo poder international

dc.creatorGhotme, Rafat
dc.creatorRipoll, Alejandra
dc.date2014-08-28
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-15T15:23:03Z
dc.date.available2022-12-15T15:23:03Z
dc.identifierhttps://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/41
dc.identifier10.18359/ries.41
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/5354741
dc.descriptionThe aim of this article is to demonstrate that the actions of the great powers in the Syrian civil war are motivated by balance of power politics. Though it is accepted that they get involved in the civil war to protect or expand their material interests, those states do so in the context of a broader systemic logic. The United States of America, which continues being an hegemonic power, has been facing a decline in its power capabilities, leading it to accept a new status quo -the Russian-American agreement- in which it has to admit its own idea of regional order sharing that function with Russia and to a lesser extent with China and Iran. With the change in the distribution of power that is brewing up in the Middle East and the international system, those states were compelled to accept that the balance policy was the best alternativeen-US
dc.descriptionEl objetivo de este artículo es demostrar que las acciones de las grandes potencias en la guerra civil siria están motivadas por la política del equilibrio del poder. Si bien se acepta que intervienen en la guerra civil para proteger o expandir sus intereses materiales, esos Estados lo hacen en el marco de una lógica sistémica más amplia. Estados Unidos de América, que sigue siendo una potencia hegemónica, se ha visto enfrentado al descenso de sus capacidades de poder, llevándolo a aceptar un nuevo statu quo -el acuerdo ruso-norteamericano- en el que tiene que sostener su propia idea de orden regional compartiendo esa función con Rusia y en menor medida con China e Irán. Ante el cambio en la distribución de poder que se está fraguando en el Medio Oriente y en el sistema internacional, esos Estados se vieron compelidos a aceptar que la política del equilibrio era la mejor alternativa.es-ES
dc.descriptionO objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que as ações das grandes potências na guerra civil síria são motivadas pela política do equilíbrio do poder. Embora se aceite que intervenham na guerra civil para proteger ou expandir seus interesses materiais, esses Estados fazem isso no âmbito de uma lógica sistêmica mais ampla. Os Estados Unidos da América, que ainda são uma potência hegemônica, vêm se enfrentando ao declínio de suas capacidades de poder, levando-os a aceitar um novo status quo -o acordo russo-americano- no qual têm que manter sua própria ideia de ordem regional partilhando esse papel com a Rússia, em menor grau, com a China e o Irã. Diante da mudança na distribuição do poder que está se forjando no Oriente Médio e no sistema internacional, esses Estados foram obrigados a aceitar que a política do equilíbrio foi a melhor alternativapt-BR
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Militar Nueva Granadaes-ES
dc.relationhttps://revistas.unimilitar.edu.co/index.php/ries/article/view/41/1683
dc.relation/*ref*/Ahmed, N. (2013, Aug 30). Syria intervention plan fueled by oil interests, not chemical weapon concern. The Guardian. Recuperado de: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/earth-insight/2013/aug/30/syria-chemical-attack-war-intervention-oil-gas-energy-pipelines
dc.relation/*ref*/Al-Abdeh, M. (2012, March 1). How I understand the Syrian revolution. Syria in Transition blog. Recuperado de: http://syriaintransition.com/2012/03/01/how-i-understand-the-syrian-revolution/
dc.relation/*ref*/Al-Jazeera (2012, Nov 11). Syrian opposition groups sign coalition deal. Recuperado de: http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/11/20121111141834268537.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Al-Manar (2013, 14 de septiembre). Rusia e Irán a EEUU: "Siria es lo mismo para nosotros que Israel para ti". Recuperado de: http://www.almanar.com.lb/spanish/adetails.php4087523fromva11
dc.relation/*ref*/Álvarez-Ossorio, I. (2009). Siria Contemporánea. Madrid: Editorial Síntesis.
dc.relation/*ref*/Atassi, B. and Haddad, M. (2013, 19 Jul 2013). Interactive: Mapping Syria's rebellion. Al Jazeera examines the military and political opposition groups trying to overthrow President Bashar al-Assad. Al-Jazeera. Recuperado de: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/ interactive/2013/07/20137188552345899.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Badran, T. (2013, 21 de septiembre). Obama's credibility gap. Recuperado de: https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/commentaryanalysis/obamas-new-credibility-gap
dc.relation/*ref*/Bagdonas, A. (2012). Russia's Interests in the Syrian Conflict: Power, Prestige, and Profit. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 5(2), 55-77
dc.relation/*ref*/BBC News (2013a, dec 13). Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition. Recuperado de: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003
dc.relation/*ref*/BBC News (2013b, jan 30). Donors pledge $1.5bn for UN Syria aid operation. Recuperado de: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21258511
dc.relation/*ref*/BBC News (2013c, sep 8). Kerry meets Arab leaders to seek Syria strike support. Recuperado de: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24006746
dc.relation/*ref*/Berger, A. (2013, june 22). Obama's statecraft may be a calculated, Machiavellian approach. Boston Globe. Recuperado de: http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/06/21/the-let-burn-strategy-syria/1oFemcOqyICsNs1jdJpiGL/story.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Borger, J. and Weaver, M. (2012,nNov 2). West backs Qatari plan to unify Syrian opposition. The Guardian. Recuperado de: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/02/west-backs-qatari-plan-syria
dc.relation/*ref*/CBS News (2013, aug 31). Obama seeks Syria strike with Congress' approval. Recuperado de: http://www.cbsnews.com/news/obama-seeks-syria-strike-with-congress-approval/
dc.relation/*ref*/Cruz, A. (2010, 27 de mayo). Siria logra una nueva correlación de fuerzas en Oriente Próximo. Web Islam. Recuperado de: http://www.webislam.com/articulos/38930-siria_ logra_una_nueva_correlacion_de_fuerzas_en_oriente_proximo.html
dc.relation/*ref*/De Young, K. (2013a, apr 20). U.S. pledges to double nonlethal aid to Syrian rebels as opposition backers reach consensus. The Washington Post. Recuperado de: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/kerry-in-istanbul-joins-quest-for-common-ground-on-aid-to-syrian-rebels/2013/04/20/896b39e6-a9d0-11e2-b029-8fb7e977ef71_story.html
dc.relation/*ref*/De Young, K. (2013b, july 22). Congressional panels approve arms aid to Syrian opposition. The Washington Post. Recuperado de: http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/congressional-panels-approve-arms-aid-to-syrian-opposition/2013/07/22/393035ce-f31a-11e2-8505-bf6f231e77b4_story.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Doherty, R. & El Gamal, R. (2012, Nov 10). Syrian opposition debates forming U.S.-backed assembly. Reuters. Recuperado de: http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/10/us-syria-doha-talks-idUSBRE8A90C720121110
dc.relation/*ref*/El País (2012, 17 de julio). El plan de paz de Annan. Recuperado de: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2012/07/17/actualidad/1342537180_156356.html
dc.relation/*ref*/El País (2013, 9 de septiembre). Rusia toma la palabra a Kerry y pide a Siria que rinda su arsenal químico. 2013. Recuperado de: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/09/09/actualidad/1378716125_349668.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Entous, A.& Malas, N. (2013, sep. 4). Rebel Groups Still Wait For CIA Arms Supplies. Wall Street Journal. Recuperado de: http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB40001424127887324202304579051280341316034
dc.relation/*ref*/Entous, A. (2014, may 27). Obama Close to Authorizing Military Training of Syrian Rebels. Wall Street Journal. Recuperado de: http://online.wsj.com/articles/obama-close-to-authorizing-military-training-of-syrian-rebels-1401198550
dc.relation/*ref*/Fahrenthold, D. & Kane, P. (2013, sep. 3). On Syria, Obama Faces a Skeptical Public. The Washington Post. Recuperado de: http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-09-03/politics/41726298_1_chemical-weapons-syria-missile-strike
dc.relation/*ref*/Feaver, P. (2013, april 30). Not even one cheer for offshore balancing? Foreign Policy. Recuperado de: http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/04/30/not_even_one_cheer_for_off_shore_balancing
dc.relation/*ref*/Fernández, Y. (2013, 20 de mayo). Las armas rusas defienden Siria. Al Manar en espa-ol. Recuperado de: http://www.almanar.com.lb/spanish/adetails.phpfromval1cid9fri9d=33789
dc.relation/*ref*/Fisher, M. (2013, sep. 12). Vladimir Putin's New York Times op-ed, annotated and fact-checked. The Washington Post. Recuperado de: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/09/12/vladimir-putins-new-york-times-op-ed-annotated-and-fact-checked/
dc.relation/*ref*/Foer, F. & Hughes, C. (2013, jan. 27). Interview. Barack Obama Is Not Pleased. The president on his enemies, the media, and the future of football. New Republic. Recuperado de: http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112190/obama-interview-2013-sit-down-president
dc.relation/*ref*/Galpin, R. (2012, 1 de febrero). Las armas rusas cruciales para Siria. BBC Mundo. Recuperado de: http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2012/02/120201_siria_rusia_armas.shtml
dc.relation/*ref*/Gibbs, D. (2000). Realpolitik and Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of Somalia. International Politics, 37, 41-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009817421313
dc.relation/*ref*/Gladstone, R. (2012, july 19). Friction at the U.N. as Russia and China Veto Another Resolution on Syria Sanctions. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/20/world/middleeast/russia-and-china-veto-un-sanctions-against-syria.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Goodarzi, J. (2013). Iran: Syria as the first line of defense. In J. Barnes-Dacey and D. Levy (eds.). The Regional Struggle for Syria. London: European Council on Foreign Relations.
dc.relation/*ref*/Gorzewski, A. & Rojas Sasse, E. (2013, 25 de mayo). El papel de Hezbollah en la guerra civil siria. DW. Recuperado de: http://www.dw.de/el-papel-de-hezbollah-en-la-guerra-civil-siria/a-16836657
dc.relation/*ref*/Hammoudi, A. (2007). Maestro y discípulo. Fundamentos culturales del autoritarismo en las sociedades árabes. Barcelona: Anthropos.
dc.relation/*ref*/Harabi, H. (1988). Neopatriarchy. A theory of Distorted Change in Arab Society. New York: Oxford University Press.
dc.relation/*ref*/Hill, F. (2013, march 25). The Real Reason Putin Supports Assad. Mistaking Syria for Chechnya. Foreign Affairs. Recuperado de: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/139079/fiona-hill/the-real-reason-putin-supports-assad?page=show
dc.relation/*ref*/Hinnebusch, R., Kabalan, M., Kodmani, B. & Lesch, D. (2009). Syrian Foreign Policy and the United States: From Bush to Obama. St Andrews Papers on Contemporary Syria.
dc.relation/*ref*/Hosenball, M., & Stewart, P. (2013, july 8). Congress Delaying U.S. Aid to Syrian Rebels. Reuters. Recuperado de: http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/08/us-usa-syria-arms-idUSBRE96713N20130708
dc.relation/*ref*/International Crisis Group (2013, oct 17). Anything But Politics: The State of Syria's Political Opposition. Middle East Report, 146. Recuperado de: http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Syria/146-anything-but-politics-the-state-of-syrias-political-opposition.pdf
dc.relation/*ref*/Jackson, R. (2011, july 11). The World's Most Warring Nation. E-International Relations. Recuperado de: http://www.e-ir.info/2011/07/02/the-world%E2%80%99s-most-warring-nation/
dc.relation/*ref*/Keck, Z. (2012, july 3). Realism and the Arab Spring. Does America really want a democratic Middle East? The Majalla. Recuperado de: http://www.majalla.com/eng/2012/07/article55232816
dc.relation/*ref*/Keohane, R. (2012). Hegemony and After: Knowns and Unknowns in the Debate Over Decline. Foreign Affairs, 91 (4), 114-118.
dc.relation/*ref*/Landler, M. (2012, aug 20). Obama Threatens Force Against Syria. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/21/world/middleeast/obama-threatens-force-against-syria.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Layne, C. (2012, january 27). The (Almost) Triumph of Offshore Balancing. The National Interest. Recuperado de: http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/almost-triumph-offshore-balancing-6405
dc.relation/*ref*/Lazareva, I. (2011, dec 22). Putin, Medvedev and the Arab Spring: will Russia's foreign policy end up on the wrong side? Open Democracy. Recuperado de: http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/inna-lazareva/putin-medvedev-and-arab-spring-will-russias-foreign-policy-end-up-on-wrong-s
dc.relation/*ref*/Luenen, C. (2013, sep 26). Time for a U.S. Middle East U-Turn. The National Interest. Recuperado de: http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/time-us-middle-east-u-turn-9136?page=show
dc.relation/*ref*/Lund (2013a). Freedom fighters? Cannibals? The truth about Syria's rebels. The Independent. Recuperado de: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/freedom-fighters-cannibals-the-truth-about-syrias-rebels-8662618.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Lund, A. (2013b). Syria's salafi insurgents: The rise of the Syrian Islamic Front. UI Ocasional Papers. Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 17. Recuperado de: http://www.ui.se/
dc.relation/*ref*/Luttwak, E. (2013, aug 24). In Syria, America Loses if Either Side Wins. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/25/opinion/sunday/in-syria-america-loses-if-either-side-wins.html?_r=0
dc.relation/*ref*/MacFarquhar, N. & Shadid, A. (2012, feb 4). Russia and China Block U.N. Action on Crisis in Syria. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/05/world/middleeast/syria-homs-death-toll-said-to-rise.html?pagewanted=all
dc.relation/*ref*/Martini, J.; York, E. & Young, W. (2013). Syria as an Arena of Strategic Competition. Rand Corporation. Recuperado de: http://www.rand.org
dc.relation/*ref*/Masters, J. (2013, may 8). Syria's Crisis and the Global Response. Council on Foreign Relations. Recuperado de: http://www.cfr.org/syria/syrias-crisis-global-response/p28402
dc.relation/*ref*/McCain, J. (2012, march 6). Remarks by Senator John McCain on the Situation in Syria on the Floor of the U.S. Senate. The New Jurist. Recuperado de: http://www.newjurist.com/remarks-by-senator-John-McCain-on-the-situation-in-syria.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Mearsheimer, J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: Norton.
dc.relation/*ref*/Monge, Y. (2013, 9 de septiembre). El secretario de Estado sugiere que el régimen sirio ponga su arsenal químico bajo control internacional. El País. Recuperado de: http://internacional.elpais.com/internacional/2013/09/09/actualidad/1378742060_848327.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Nalbandov, R. (2009). Battle of two Logics: Appropriateness and Consequentiality in Russian Interventions in Georgia. Caucasian Review of International Affairs, 3 (1), 20-36.
dc.relation/*ref*/Nerguizian, A. (2013, june 17). Assessing the Consequences of Hezbollah's Necessary War of Choice in Syria. Center for Strategic and International Studies. Recuperado de: http://csis.org/publication/assessing-consequences-hezbollahs-necessary-war-choice-syria
dc.relation/*ref*/Nichols, T. & Schindler, J. (2013a, sep 16). America's Middle East Policy Collapses. The National Interest. Recuperado de: http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/americas-middle-east-policy-collapses-9073?page=show
dc.relation/*ref*/Nichols, T. & Schindler, J. (2013b, sep 25). Obama Enabling Russia's Mideast Rise. The National Interest. Recuperado de: http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/obama-enabling-russias-mideast-rise-9128?page=show
dc.relation/*ref*/North, D. (2013, sep 19). US Imperialism and the Proxy War in Syria. Global Research. Recuperado de: http://www.globalresearch.ca/us-imperialism-and-the-proxy-war-in-syria/5352642
dc.relation/*ref*/Nuruzzaman, M. (2013, dec 11). The Iran Nuclear Deal - A Preliminary Analysis. E-International Relations. Recuperado de: http://www.e-ir.info/2013/12/11/the-iran-nuclear-deal-a-preliminary-analysis/ftn8
dc.relation/*ref*/Nye, J. (2010). The Future of American Power: Dominance and Decline in Perspective. Foreign Affairs, 89 (6), 2-14.
dc.relation/*ref*/Paul, T.V. (2004). Introduction: The Enduring Axioms of Balance of Power Theory and Their Contemporary Relevance. In T.V. Paul, J. Wirtz and M. Fortmann, M. (eds.). Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st. Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
dc.relation/*ref*/Phillips, C. (2010, june 1). US hegemony in Middle East is ending. America-Russia.net. Recuperado de: http://www.america-russia.net/eng/security/245873652
dc.relation/*ref*/Press T.V. (2013, aug 26). Iraq will not allow its airspace be used in attacks on Syria. Recuperado de: http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/08/26/320606/iraq-airspace-not-for-attack-on-syria/
dc.relation/*ref*/Putin, V. (2013, sep 11). Plea for Caution From Russia. What Putin Has to Say to Americans About Syria. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.htmlr0A
dc.relation/*ref*/Ria Novosti (2014, may 28). Russia to Offer $327Mln in Free Financial Aid to Syria. Recuperado de: http://en.ria.ru/russia/20140528/190186420/Russia-to-Offer-327Mln-in-Free-Financial-Aid-to-Syria.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Robinson, D. (2012, aug 20). Obama Warns Syria on Chemical Weapons, Calls for Assad to Step Down. Voice of America. Recuperado de: http://www.voanews.com/content/obama-again-calls-for-assad-departure-warns-on-chemical-weapons/1491834.html
dc.relation/*ref*/RT (2013a, 22 de septiembre). Ciudadanos de EE.UU. solicitan que Obama ceda su Premio Nobel de la Paz a Putin. Recuperado de: http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/106523-peticion-obama-nobel-paz-putin
dc.relation/*ref*/RT (2013b, 19 de septiembre). EE.UU. teme mostrar a Putin en la portada de la revista Time. Recuperado de: http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/106174-eeuu-time-portada-putin-rusia RT (2013c, 12 de septiembre). Rusia pareció salvar a Obama de una posible vergüenza nacional. Recuperado de: http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/105549-rusia-obama-siria-guerra-putin
dc.relation/*ref*/RT (2013d, 14 de septiembre). Los puntos claves del plan de Rusia y EE.UU. sobre las armas químicas en Siria. Recuperado de: http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/105706-puntos-claves-plan-rusia-eeuu-siria
dc.relation/*ref*/RT (2014, 22 de mayo). China aboga por una alianza de seguridad con Rusia e Irán, "una pesadilla para EE.UU.". Recuperado de: http://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/view/128891-china-alianza-seguridad-rusia-iran-pesadilla-eeuu_source_medium=rss_campaign_actualidad
dc.relation/*ref*/Russell Mead, W. (2012, feb 5). Russia's Syrian Bet Explained. The American Interest. Recuperado de: http://www.the-american-interest.com/wrm/2012/02/05/russias-syrian-bet-explained/
dc.relation/*ref*/Sanger, D. (2012, oct 14). Rebel Arms Flow Is Said to Benefit Jihadists in Syria. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/15/world/middleeast/jihadists-receiving-most-arms-sent-to-syrian-rebels.html?pagewanted=all
dc.relation/*ref*/Seib, G (2013, sep 9). Syria Credibility Gap: Where's the Risk? The President Will Argue That American Interests Are at Stake if Military Action Is Blocked. Wall Street Journal. Recuperado de: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323864604579064963818091016.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Shadid, A. (2012, feb 6). U. S. Embassy in Syria Closes as Violence Flares. The New York Times. Recuperado de: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/07/world/middleeast/violence-in-syria-continues-after-diplomacy-fails.html?pagewanted=all
dc.relation/*ref*/Sharp, J. & Blanchard, C. (2013, sep 6). Armed Conflict in Syria: Background and U.S. Response. Congressional Research Service. Federation of America Scientist. Recuperado de: https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33487.pdf
dc.relation/*ref*/Shehadi, N. (2013, may 6). Revolution or civil war? The battle of narratives in Syria. Open Democracy. Recuperado de: http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/nadim-shehadi/revolution-or-civil-war-battle-of-narratives-in-syria
dc.relation/*ref*/Sowell, K. (2013, sep 3). The fragmenting FSA. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de: http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/09/03/the_fragmenting_fsa
dc.relation/*ref*/Stacher, J. (2011). Reinterpreting Authoritarian Power: Syria's Hereditary Succession. The Middle East Journal, 65 (2), 197-212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3751/65.2.11
dc.relation/*ref*/Sun, Y. (2013, jan 31). March West: China's Response to the U.S. Rebalancing. Brookings Institution. Recuperado de: http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/up-front/posts/2013/01/31-china-us-sun
dc.relation/*ref*/Swaine, J. & Blair, D. (2013, sep 27). Syria crisis: Russia may use veto to thwart UN action against Assad. The Telegraph. Recuperado de: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10340915/Syria-crisis-Russia-may-use-veto-to-thwart-UN-action-against-Assad.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Swaine, M. (2012). Chinese Views of the Syrian Conflict. China Leadership Monitor, 39. Recuperado de: http://www.hoover.org/research/chinese-views-syrian-conflict
dc.relation/*ref*/Tabler, A. (2013). Syria's Collapse and How Washington Can Stop It. Foreign Affairs, 92.
dc.relation/*ref*/Tapper, J. (2013, sep 10). Sen Murphy: Obama told Democrats he has 'no interest' in military strikes if he has other options. CNN. Recuperado de: http://thelead.blogs.cnn.com/2013/09/10/sen-murphy-obama-told-democrats-he-has-no-interest-in-military-strikes-if-he-has-other-options/
dc.relation/*ref*/The Guardian (2011, oct 5). Russia and China veto UN resolution against Syrian regime. Recuperado de: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/05/russia-china-veto-syria-resolution
dc.relation/*ref*/The Washington Post (2013, sep 10). President Obama's Sept. 10 speech on Syria. Recuperado de: http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/running-transcript-president-obamas-sept-10-speech-on-syria/2013/09/10/a8826aa6-1a2e-11e3-8685-5021e0c41964_story.html
dc.relation/*ref*/The White House (2013, sep. 9). Remarks As Prepared for Delivery by National Security Advisor Susan E. Rice. Recuperado de: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/09/09/remarks-prepared-delivery-national-security-advisor-susan-e-rice
dc.relation/*ref*/Trenin, D. (2012, feb 5). Russia's Line in the Sand on Syria. Why Moscow Wants To Halt the Arab Spring. Foreign Affairs. Recuperado de: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/137078/dmitri-trenin/russias-line-in-the-sand-on-syria
dc.relation/*ref*/Uckman, L. & Sly, L. (2011, aug 18). Obama: Syrian President Assad must step down. The Washington Post. Recuperado de: http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/checkpoint-washington/post/obama-syrian-president-assad-must-step-down/2011/08/18/gIQAM75UNJ_blog.html
dc.relation/*ref*/Walt, S. (2011). The End of the American Era. The National Interest, 116, 6-16.
dc.relation/*ref*/Waltz, K. (2000). Structural Realism after de Cold War. International Security, 25(1), 5-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/016228800560372
dc.relation/*ref*/Wong, N. (2012, july 25). China's veto on Syria: what interests are at play? Open Democracy. Recuperado de: http://www.opendemocracy.net/nicholas-wong/china%E2%80%99s-veto-on-syria-what-interests-are-at-play
dc.relation/*ref*/Xinhua (2014, may 28). Preocupa a Rusia posible apoyo militar de EE.UU. a oposición siria. Recuperado de: http://spanish.china.org.cn/international/txt/2014-05/28/content_32518361.htm
dc.relation/*ref*/Zartman, W. & Touval, S. (1996). International Mediation in the Post-Cold War Era. In C. Crocker, F. Hampson and P. Aall (eds.), Managing Global Chaos. Washington: United States Institute of Peace Press, pp. 445-461.
dc.rightsDerechos de autor 2016 De Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridades-ES
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0es-ES
dc.sourceRevista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 9 No. 2 (2014): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 77-102en-US
dc.sourceRevista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; Vol. 9 Núm. 2 (2014): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 77-102es-ES
dc.sourceRevista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad; v. 9 n. 2 (2014): REVISTA DE RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES, ESTRATEGIA Y SEGURIDAD; 77-102pt-BR
dc.source1909-7743
dc.source1909-3063
dc.subjectSyriaen-US
dc.subjectcivil waren-US
dc.subjectUnited Statesen-US
dc.subjectRussiaen-US
dc.subjectChinaen-US
dc.subjectbalance of poweren-US
dc.subjecthegemonyen-US
dc.subjectSiriaes-ES
dc.subjectguerra civiles-ES
dc.subjectEstados Unidoses-ES
dc.subjectRusiaes-ES
dc.subjectChinaes-ES
dc.subjectequilibrio del poderes-ES
dc.subjecthegemonía.es-ES
dc.subjectSíriapt-BR
dc.subjectguerra civilpt-BR
dc.subjectEstados Unidospt-BR
dc.subjectRússiapt-BR
dc.subjectChinapt-BR
dc.subjectequilíbrio do poderpt-BR
dc.subjecthegemoniapt-BR
dc.titleInternational relations of the Syrian civil war: The United States and Russia in the struggle for international poweren-US
dc.titleLas relaciones internacionales de la guerra civil Siria: Estados Unidos y Rusia en la lucha por el poder internacionales-ES
dc.titleAs relações internacionais da guerra civil Síria: Estados Unidos e Rússia na luta pelo poder internationalpt-BR
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion


Este ítem pertenece a la siguiente institución