Comportamento fitossanitário de doenças fúngicas em sistema agroecológico de videiras no sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The cultivation of the vine is of great importance, as it generates jobs and regional development. Its production is destined both for consumption in natura and for the industrialization, serving as raw material for the production of wines, sparkling wines, juices, jams and other derivatives, contributing to the subsistence and generating income when being cultivated commercially in the small properties where there is a predominance of family farming. However, fungal diseases cause serious damage to this crop and can affect the production and quality of the grapes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of the major fungal diseases that affect the vine in the Southwest of Paraná. The varieties of vines used were: Bordô, BRS Carmen, BRS Lorena, BRS Magna, BRS Rúbea, BRS Violeta, Concord, Concord Clone 30, Isabel, Isabel Precoce, Moscato Embrapa, Moscato Bailey, Niagara Branca, Niagara Rosada and Seibel 5455. The work was carried out in the collection of vines of the fruit growing sector of the Federal Technological University in Two Neighbors, in the agricultural year 2015/2016. The evaluations were carried out weekly with the aid of diagrammatic scales of fungal diseases and own images. The diseases of major importance for the evaluated crop were: anthracnose, downy mildew, and highlighting leaf spot. The anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina) was more relevant when it occurred in the clusters, with higher levels of severity than in the leaves and branches, showing differences among the evaluated varieties. The mildew (Plasmopara viticola) was present at the end of the cycle after rainy periods, causing damages to the young leaves of the plants, whose varieties were classified into four groups: Bordô, BRS Rúbea, Concord, Concord Clone 30, Niágara Branca, Niágara Rosada and Seibel 5455 as the most tolerant. All evaluated varieties showed symptoms of leaf spot (Isariopsis clavispora) at some point in the cycle, allowing them to be classified into four groups, with emphasis on the tolerant group: BRS Carmen, BRS Rúbea, Concord, Moscato Embrapa and Seibel 5455 (BRS Carmen BRS Rúbea, BRS Violeta, Concord Clone 30 and Niagara Rosada), which presented lower susceptibility to at least two diseases (Concord and Seibel 5455).