Indução de resistência em plantas de tomateiro pelo uso de elicitores

Abstract

Given the concern with food safety and the global demand for food with low agrochemical residual have spurred research focusing on alternative methods in disease management. The activation of defense mechanisms with the use of elicitors comes proving to be a viable alternative and promising. Objective by means of this research to evaluate the potential of inducing resistance to abiotic elicitors on the defense of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), the black paint (Alternaria solani), as well as, check through the activities of enzymes related to pathogenicity (PRPs) Systemic Acquired Resistance activation (RSA). The treatments were: Foliar fertilizer based on copper phosphite (0,002%); Acibenzolar-SMethyl (0,005%), Salicylic acid (0,013%), Surinam cherry essential oil (1%), and the witness (distilled water) in the experimental design entirely casualisado, with four replicates. The tomato plants were placed in 1 liter polyethylene vessels, containing commercial Tecnomax ® substrate, and kept in a controlled environment (average temperature of 23oC and photoperiod of 12:00). The vessels were identified, and two representative leaves, being a basal and another in the median portion of the plants were marked, and isolated the basal leaf, applying the spray treatments. After 24 hours was inoculated Alternaria solani in the whole plant equipment. There were collections of plant material for biochemical analyses, the leaves are marked in the intervals of 0, 48, 96, 172 hours to determine the behavior of PRPs, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (FAL) quitinases and β 1.3 glucanase. At the end of the experiment, 38 days, been evaluated the incidence, severity and given the intensity of the disease in plants and its relation with the activity of PRPs. Inductors interfered in the parameters related to the quantification of diseases on tomato culture, and the ASM products and Surinam oil showed reduced incidence of diseases, however did not differ from the witness. The results showed potential of products evaluated in the activation of defense-related mechanisms the plant pathogens, however only the treatment allows to assert that the activation process of systemic acquired resistance in tomato plants. Such a claim can be considered that the treatment with the enzyme β have triggered 1.3 glucanase in the leaves in relation to basal medium.