Corrupção e governança: relações e impactos no desempenho socioeconômico de municípios paranaenses

Abstract

The recent problems who countries face about corruption scandals in Brazil and the world have encouraged the broadening of the discussion on the subject. Organizations such as OECD and UN developed ways to measure and control this practice, based on transparency and control. Given the fact that governance is also related to control and transparency, there is a theoretical overlap between corruption and governance. There are also several studies that link the socioeconomic impacts in the regions linked to the practice of corruption. In this sense, this paper proposes to analyze in which goal of governance and of corruption without social and economic performance of Paraná municipalities based on the year 2016, from three hypotheses to be tested: H1: There is a negative relationship between corruption and governance in municipalities of Paraná. That is, the smaller the corruption, the greater the governance; H2: Is there positive impact of governance and negative corruption without socioeconomic performance of the municipalities of Paraná? H3: There is a regionalization of corruption and governance based on the characteristics of the municipal indexes. To understand the objectives and hypotheses proposed, two phases of analysis were carried out, divided into three stages each. In the first phase a multiple regression with panel data was used, using as a measure of corruption or indicator created the Factor ICM, through a factorial analysis containing the EBU of the CGU and list of agents with accounts failed by the TCE-PR with data of 2016 as a governance measure or ICM-CFA with data from 2016, and as a measure of socioeconomic performance or Gender Index with 2010 data, but is not available in the data format. Next, a discriminant analysis was developed, with the same variables, which pointed out the existence of regionalization of corruption with an adequacy of approximately 54%, confirming an H3. In view of the results of the 1st phase, it is not available in all the objectives and hypotheses, it was developed from the second stage of analysis, through the construction of the Municipal General Corruption Index, based on Boll's General Corruption Index (2010) which has equity values, since it is shown to measure of an indicator that contemplates economic and financial criteria in its composition. Then, a new regression with panel data, using ICGM, the indicators of the dimensions of the IGM-CFA and the HDI with data of 2010, which confirmed H1 and H2, were presented, presenting a negative correlation between Corruption and governance, and a non-significant impact. Negative HDI for corruption and positive for governance. As for the regionalization of corruption, the discriminant analysis was carried out again, in which it proved to be inadequate for the data and the proposal of the model. Finally, a classification by the Genetic Method was carried out which showed that the Paraná regions has similar properties both for performance and corruption, corroborating the studies so far carried out.