Mapeamento digital de solos por meio de índices de relevo na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio do Lontra, PR

Abstract

Soil maps with high level of detail and precision, both for Brasil and the state of Parana, are scarce due to the high cost, time and trained technicians to make them, resulting in a lack of information about this natural resource.The emergence of digital soil mapping and the dissemination of this new methodology, the surveys began to provide information of higher quality, accuracy and detail for various purposes.With more information and greater quality on this resource of extreme relevance for various policies (agricultural development, soil and water conservation, diversification of production, etc.) can be elaborated with greater security. The objective of this study is to perform the digital mapping of soils by means of representation indices of relief and identification of soil classes and their limits, providing subsidies for the management of Lontrabasin. The methodology consists of the following steps: 1) acquisition and organizing the database; 2) generation of geomorphometric indices; 3) map generation with preliminary legend; 4) field verification using the preliminary legend and soil attributes; 5) laboratory analysis of soil; 6) map generation of soil classes.The study showed that the indices of relief representation are effective in the prediction of soil classes and their limits, HáplicoGleysol was better characterized by the TWI (12.52) and CNBL (0.8m) indexes, the MRVBF index was quite representative For all classes studied, being recommended for other surveys. The soil classes observed in the Lontrabasin were Red NitisolVermelho, representing 62% of the studied area, followed by RegolithicNeosol with 29.6%, GleissoloHapl 5.3% and finally Red Latosol with only 2.4%. The Red Nitosol and the Neolithic Regolith together represent more than 90% of the area, they are problematic and can be used with great care, using very well designed management systems. The soil class map generated provides information for decision-making by public managers regarding priority areas of soil conservation and environmental preservation and conditions for the proper management of rural properties.