Modelagem e análise tridimensional de prótese de joelho

Abstract

The primary function of the knees has been affected, so that more and more patients seek medical treatment due to impairment of their functional capacity. Total knee arthroplasty is an effective surgical procedure in the functional recovery of the knee joint. In this procedure the knee joints are replaced by a prosthesis. However, total knee arthroplasty has a finite life, and factors such as material wear and displacement of the prosthesis may compromise its success. Aiming to determine the best materials to constitute a knee prosthesis, the purpose of this research is to model a prosthesis and analyze the stresses that act on the bone-prosthesis assembly. For this, a 3D model was developed and it was subjected to a compression load. The results allowed to choose the best material configuration for the prosthesis. It is observed that the best configuration, the one that generates the smallest stresses in the set, is when the femoral component consists of the 66Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy, the tibial component of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy, and the polyethylene component of the polyethylene of ultra molecular weight (UHMWPE).