Aspectos qualitativos da produção de leite no sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

Milk production in the Southwest of Paraná has great importance, and the region is already the second largest producer in the state, but little is known about the quality of milk produced in it. The aim of this work was to promote a diagnosis of the quality of milk produced in small family farms in the Southwest of Paraná. The study was developed in the municipalities of Mariópolis/PR, Pato Branco/PR and Clevelândia/PR, where 42 properties were selected that commercialize the milk with the same receiving unit. The selection of the properties occurred in 2015 with the help of technicians from the receiving unit. The work consisted of two main methodologies: visits to properties and collection of productive records of properties. Visits were made in 2016, in which samples of the water used in the milking were collected. In addition, a questionnaire previously formulated with 50 questions was applied on: social / economic aspects of the family interviewed; hygienic / sanitary aspects of the processes of obtaining the milk produced; and aspects related to the productive system of property. The quantitative and qualitative records of all the properties from July 2014 to June 2016 were collected. The correlation between the IN 62 (2011) criteria and the collected information (questionnaire, water analysis and historical) was carried out using the language R version 3.5.1. Each of the parameters representative of milk quality was related to all questions in the questionnaire with a 5% probability of error through a GLM (Generalized Linear Model) model with Gaussian family, through the stepwise method with backward direction. This analysis was used because it is a qualitative variable. Much of the milk production of the properties does not meet all the requirements of IN 62 (74%); 100% of the producers meet the minimum fat and protein content, 69% of the dry extract defatted, 38% meet the limit of CCS and 48% of CBT. 95% of the properties have a minimum recommended lactose content and 98% of total solids. The parameters of the fat and CBT milk had a significant relationship (p<0.05) with socioeconomic and herd management aspects; for total solids and CCS, hygienic / sanitary factors were highlighted; in relation to the protein and lactose content we had a significant relationship (p<0.05) with a broad spectrum of questions; (52%) and the low number of producers who claimed to receive technical assistance (21%). The quality of milk is still far from ideal in the Southwest of Paraná. Factors related to the hygienicsanitary management of the herd and milking directly affect the milk quality. Factors related to the productive system and socioeconomic aspects of the producers can affect milk quality directly or indirectly.