bachelorThesis
Comparativo da geração distribuída de unidades consumidoras de microgeração e minigeração eólica e fotovoltaica no Brasil
Fecha
2021-11-24Registro en:
SIEWERDT, Flávia Kristyna de Oliveira Vieira. Comparativo da geração distribuída de unidades consumidoras de microgeração e minigeração eólica e fotovoltaica no Brasil. 2021. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Engenharia Ambiental) - Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campo Mourão, 2021.
Autor
Siewerdt, Flávia Kristyna de Oliveira Vieira
Resumen
With the constant population growth and increased demand for electricity in Brazil, it is necessary to use various energy sources, and even if the country has availability of water resources, water is essential for the maintenance of life and also indispensable in others sectors. Linked to this is the need for incentives aimed at environmental issues, promoting the use of other renewable energy sources that do not use water, with the purpose of alleviating the impacts on the environment, while supplying the constant growth in demand for electricity. And to contribute to such a demand, it is important highlight the need to verify the issue of micro-generation and distributed minigeneration, ensured by ANEEL's Normative Resolution N°. 687/2015, which allows generators with power up to 5 MW to take advantage of the inexhaustible and abundant wind and solar resources in Brazil, for the production and use of electricity in the form of compensation. Therefore, this course conclusion work aimed to assess the total number of consumer units with micro and mini distributed wind and photovoltaic generation in the period from 2016 to 2021. To achieve the general objective of the work, the Generation Information System of the National Electric Energy Agency, the National Environmental Licensing Portal, state environmental agencies, the website of the Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources, and Energy Level Cost formula. In the results, it was observed that the leading region of distributed energy generation by wind source is the Northeast and the Southeast by photovoltaic source, it was also observed the predominance of distributed energy generation with power less than 1.000 kW with a focus on photovoltaic generation. It was found that the leveled cost of energy made from the budgets for a photovoltaic system per region is viable mainly when the price of kW.h-1 is cheaper than that of the energy distribution company of the location where a system is to be implemented and that common study requirements in most states for wind and photovoltaic energy generation, in licensing or content phases, may vary according to current legislation and their own procedures. And it is concluded that the growth of photovoltaic energy in relation to wind energy in Brazil during the five years verified was evident, and that there is a predisposition for the production of wind energy in large plants as the best wind conditions are at heights above 50 meters, being more promising for the production of electricity, on the other hand, photovoltaic energy production is suitable for micro- and mini-generation, due to the solar conditions that affect the country from north to south, making it shoot up in terms of the amount of distributed generation, contributing to investments attractive for this energy source in the form of compensation, mainly because it does not present embargoes and environmental problems, and in some cases it does not require licensing for its operation.