Suplementação animal e trevo vesículoso em sistemas integrados de produção: seus efeitos na produtividade do milho e soja e na ciclagem de nutrientes

Abstract

The need to improve the productive performance of agricultural production systems leads to diversification and the search for less environmental impact as presuppositions for sustainable agriculture. In this way, integrated agricultural production systems are options that require a high level of technification and can meet this perspective in the logic of greater efficiency in the use of inputs and natural resources. The objective of this work was to evaluate and recommend the inclusion of vesicular clover intercropped with hibernal grasses and the supply of animal supplementation in the production of grains in a system of livestock crop integration and in the return of nutrients via grazing animal waste using two protocols. To carry out the work, two experimental protocols were used. Protocol I: the use of vesicular clover in association or not with oats + ryegrass and oat pasture + ryegrass with animals receiving supplementation and subsequent cultivation of soy and corn in a crop-livestock integration system and, Protocol II: evaluation of the return of nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) by the manure of animals that received different levels of supplement. The N content in the pasture was higher in treatments where animals received animal supplementation. As for the productivity of corn and soybean crops, both were higher when they received fertilization in the planting furrow (formulated with NPK) and corn in treatments where there were animals with supplemented feeding. The nutrients are cycled in greater quantity as a result of the increase in the supplementation used in the animals' feeding due to the condition of greater animal load. Supplementation in the animal diet proved to be effective both in nutrient cycling and in annual productivity, with the possibility of increasing animal load.