Perdas na colheita mecanizada de feijão no sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

Losses in mechanical harvesting of beans can reach 40% of crop production, which reinforces the importance of quantifying the losses in the mechanical harvesting process. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the losses in combine harvesting of beans in commercial fields in southwestern Paraná. The inspections were conducted in 2014 crop, on farms that had at least a harvester. All assessments were performed at the presence of the machine operator, to avoid any contact with the same operating. The data collection was conducted in the municipalities of Bom Sucesso do Sul, Itapejara D’oeste and Renascença, totaling 12 harvesters in different properties. During the inspection, were evaluated parameters concerning the harvesters (time of use and trail system), the operator (schooling, training participation and employee time) and about crop (plant height and first pod insertion; lodging and weeds; grain moisture at harvest and yield). Data were submitted to an exploratory analysis using descriptive statistics. According to the results, the harvesters analyzed showed the average loss 332.08 kg ha-1, and the main causes are associated with low height of the first pod, uneven ripening plants, high grain moisture and lack operatortraining.