Modelagem e simulação hidrológica na microbacia do rio Santa Rita - SP - Brasil

Abstract

It requires a growing demand for water resources, the most varied tools start to gain importance, among them the environmental modeling through prediction software, such as the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). This work aims to obtain a space-time model capable of simulating the flow of the Santa Rita River watershed, acquired in the municipalities of Embu-Guaçu, Juquitiba and São Lourenço da Serra, in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo. For that, it is necessary to characterize the study area, covering physical data such as topography, pedology, land use and occupation, in addition to combination climatological data, winds, humidity, temperature and solar radiation. This study was divided into 3 stages: 1- obtaining and preparing the input data; 2 - pre-processing, where they were determined as Hydrological Response Units (HRU); and 3 - processing, calibration, validation and simulation. The simulated data were compared with data observed in a monitoring station by SABESP (Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo) between the period of 2009 to 2018. For the period of 2009 to 2013, calibration period, we obtained a value of 6.4625 for the sum of the squares of the residuals before the adjustments, after the adjustments the value passed until the series 5.6975. After the duly calibrated parameters, the period from 2014 to 2018 was validated, reaching a reduced residue sum of 5.2724, with an R² of 0.4475. In general, the model generated by the SWAT proves to be quite efficient, with the possibility of simulating hydro sedimentological processes.