Análise ergonômica postural e de carga no posto de trabalho de servente através do sistema OWA e equação de NIOSH: estudo de caso em obra na cidade de Toledo - PR

Abstract

The activities carried out by construction professionals are predominantly marked by manual tasks and great physical effort, especially in the servant role. These workers are more in demand than in other industry sectors, as the work process is usually manual. During this process, many tasks are performed in incorrect postures and weights are raised above the recommended limit, which can cause several health problems to these workers. This research presents a postural analysis through OWA (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) and an analysis of load lifting through the calculation of the Recommended Weight Limit (LPR) and Survey Index (IL), by applying Equation of NIOSH, in the position of servant, in some of his activities, in work in the city of Toledo-PR. The accomplishment of the postural analysis occurred by means of photographs of the execution of different tasks performed by three servants in the workstation. The load lifting analysis was performed through the measurement of several parameters necessary for the application of the NIOSH equation, by means of scale and scale, in common tasks performed by the three servants. Of the 100% of the activities analyzed in the postural analysis, 21.43% of the postures adopted during the execution of the tasks do not require corrective measures, another 35.71% require corrections in the near future, 28.57% require as soon as possible and 14.29% require immediate corrections. So, 78.57% of the positions adopted in activities carried out by the workers in this job require some kind of correction. In the load analysis, of 71.43% of the load surveys performed by the servants, the weight to be lifted is above the Recommended Limit Weight. Only in 28.57% of the surveys, the weight to be raised is within the recommended value. Also, according to the Survey Index, in 14.28% of the cargo surveys there is no risk of developing pain in the lower back. In the other 85.72% the lifting is considered bad, that is, the servants have the risk of developing pain in the lower back. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate ergonomic recommendations to prevent the abandonment of jobs due to health problems that occur through the adoption of incorrect postures and through efforts beyond the recommended limit.