Y-Chromosome haplotypes for six short tandem repeats (STRs) in a Mexican population

Abstract

Some models of performance assume that behavior depends on environmental quantities (for example, rates of reinforcement) that are defined over intervals of fixed duration. Although such window models may serve as useful approximations, they are incompatible with well-known properties of behavior (for instance, sensitivity to delay). Window models with variable window length, however, are more difficult to refute. This article examines some implications of the assumption of random window length. Variable windows are shown to produce continuous forgetting and temporal discounting functions, to display properties analogous to parallel aggregation, and to make reasonable predictions about steady-state relations between reinforcement and responding. Issues of interpretation nonetheless suggest that alternatives to window models should be developed. " 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",,,,,,"10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.007",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45741","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-17444411575&partnerID=40&md5=f548078979c9313b25d4b4dfd41dbc49

http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med5&AN=15845310",,,,,,"2",,"Behavioural Processes",,"237

247",,"69",,"Scopus

WOS

MEDLINE",,,,"Index Medicus;Animals;Humans;Learning;Memory;Models, Psychological;Reinforcement Schedule",,"Aggregation; Delay; Discounting; Forgetting; Rate; Window",,,,,,"Windows",,"Conference Paper" "47525","123456789/35008",,"Ramírez-Rodríguez, J.C., Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Medicina Preventiva y Social, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.; Uribe-Vázquez, G., Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Medicina Preventiva y Social, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.",,"Ramirez-Rodriguez, J.C.

Uribe-Vazquez, G.",,"1993",,"In comparison with other countries, Mexico lacks information on the issue of violence against women, especially regarding the incidence and prevalence of battering and emotional abuse. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of violence against women among both rural and urban populations in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted among two groups randomly selected; 1,163 rural women (RW) and 427 urban women (UW). Variables included: frequency of violence of family members against women and vice versa, socioeconomic variables and reason for violence. The results were: a) 44.2 per cent and 56.7 per cent rural and urban female population, respectively, suffered some form of violence; b) the principal aggressor was the husband in more than 60 per cent of the cases in both rural and urban areas. Significant statistical difference (p < 0.05) were found between rural and urban groups in relation to low education, middle-age and family size over 7 members.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45746","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027570793&partnerID=40&md5=e93e64b9419772832f71fba7efb96ca0",,,,,,"2",,"Salud Publica de Mexico",,"148

160",,"35",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,,,,,,,"Women and violence: an everyday fact [Mujer y violencia: un hecho cotidiano.]",,"Article" "47544","123456789/35008",,"Castañeda-Saucedo, M.C., Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo (UACh), México, Mexico, Universidad de Guadalajara, México, Mexico, Guadalajara-Cd. Guzmán. Col. Centro., Av. Colon S/N km 1. Carretera libre, Ciudad Guzmán, Jal. 49000, Mexico; López-Castañeda, C., UACh, México, Mexico, Maestría, COLPOS, México, Mexico, COLPOS, México, Mexico; Colinas-De León, M.T.B., UACh, México, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autónoma, México, Mexico; Moreno, J.C.M., UACh, México, Mexico, COLPOS, México, Mexico, Maestría, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil; Hernández-Livera, A., UACh, México, Mexico, COLPOS, México, Mexico, Maestría en Genética, COLPOS, México, Mexico",,"Castaneda-Saucedo, M.C.

Lopez-Castaneda, C.

Colinas-De Leon, M.T.B.

Moreno, J.C.M.

Hernandez-Livera, A.",,"2009",,"Two experiments were carried out under field conditions; one was conducted in winter-spring (FEWS) growing season under irrigation and another experiment was conducted under rainfall conditions in the summer (FES), while a third experiment was carried out in green house conditions in the summer (GES), in order to study the environmental effects in grain yield (GY) and seed quality between barley and bread wheat. In the combined analysis of the experiments carried out under field conditions, the results showed that the barley had 21, 31, 28 y 22% higher grain yield (GY), above-ground dry matter (AGDM), number of spikes/m2, number of grains/m2 (NGPSM), respectively, with respect to wheat. Barley plantlets were 6cm higher and reached its larger yield 18 days before those of wheat, although wheat showed an 11% larger harvest index (HI) than barley. GY, HI, AGDM, NGPSM and plant height all decrease in FES for barley in 30, 29, 2, 12% and 25cm, respectively, and for wheat in 38, 10, 32, 27% and 32cm, respectively, compare with FEWS. The number of days to anthesis was 28 days and 46 days before in FES than in FEWS, respectively, in barley and wheat. Also, in GES barley was better than the wheat on GY and AGDM in 17 and 33%, respectively. Barley showed a better seed quality than wheat in plantlet vigor, whereas wheat plantlets showed 10 and 23% larger germination and volumetric weight, respectively.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45765","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-68849118115&partnerID=40&md5=fae826d4b779b288e919d854590c6013",,,,,,"4",,"Interciencia",,"286

292",,"34",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,,,,,,,"Yield and seed quality of barley and wheat in glasshouse and field conditions [Rendimiento y calidad de la semilla de cebada y trigo en campo e invernadero]",,"Article" "47534","123456789/35008",,"García, R.R., Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Instituto para el Fortalecimiento de Las Capacidades en Salud, Mexico, Instituto para el Fortalecimiento de Las Capacidades en Salud, FOCUS Salud México, Convento San Juan de los Lagos No. 97, Colonia Jardines de Santa Mónica, 54050 Tlalnepantla, Mexico; Dávalos, R.M., Instituto Jalisciense de Salud Mental, Mexico; Reynoso, S.F., Instituto para el Fortalecimiento de Las Capacidades en Salud, Mexico; Agraz, F.P., Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Coordinación de Institutos Nacionales de Salud Y Hospitales Federales, Secretaría de Salud del Gobierno de la República",,"García, R.R.

Davalos, R.M.

Reynoso, S.F.

Agraz, F.P.",,"2007",,"Introduction: Only 20 to 30% of psychiatric disorders patients have a full-time competitive job. These figures might dramatically drop to 15% for those with more severe and persistent mental disorders, like schizophrenia, and could be obviously much lower in patients from developing countries. Lack of social competence and social skills necessary in the workplace have been suggested as an individual variable that explain the frequent difficulty in acquiring and maintaining a job among people with schizophrenia. Therefore, social skills' training has been widely used as an effective treatment modality to counteract those deficits. In order to develop cultural sensitive treatments, it is generally accepted that it is necessary to have valid and reliable methods to evaluate this construct in every particular population. Tsang and Pearson (2000) proposed a work-related social skills evaluation specifically designed for people with schizophrenia. This measure is composed of two parts: 1. A self-administered scale that evaluates subjective perception about social competence related to obtaining and maintaining a job. In this instance, patients rate a ten-item scale according to the degree of difficulty they experience in handling the situation. 2. A simple role playing exercise in which an expert evaluates the patient's work-related social skills by the simulation of two situations: participating in a job interview, and requesting one day of leave at short notice from a supervisor. Here, the kinds of behaviour rated include basic social survival skills, basic social skills related to voice quality and nonverbal communication, and overall performance. The expert evaluator uses a five point scale in which 4 indicates a normal performance and 0 a poor one. This kind of evaluation offers advantages compared to general social skills measures that were not designed to evaluate people with persistent and severe mental disorders, and specifically over the ones that consist merely in check lists. The aim of the present study was to translate into Spanish and to evaluate the reliability and validity of Tsang and Pearson's both self-administered scale (SA) and expert evaluation (EE) of work-related social skills among Mexican patients with schizophrenia. Method: A non-random sample of male and female Mexican adults with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia by the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), completed SA and EE evaluations. Additionally, a psychiatrist recorded their global functioning based on the evaluation proposed by American Psychiatric Association (GAF), and all relevant socio-demographic and clinical variables (gender, age, educational level, previous work experience, and type of service required, between ambulatory and hospitalized patients). Fifteen days later, a sub-sample participated in a second evaluation with both work-related social skills measures. Cronbach's alphas were calculated for SA and EE measures to obtain internal consistencies. Pearson's correlations were performed to determine the relationship between these measures and first and fifteen day after applications, to have the data of split-half reliability and short temporally stability, respectively. Then, convergent validity was evaluated with Pearson correlations between GAF scores and both SA and EE work-related social skills measures. Finally, the expected relationship between global functioning and type of mental health service employed (ambulatory service vs. hospitalization) was evaluated comparing both patient groups with independent samples t-Student test. EE and SA scores between these groups were then compared using another t-test. In all cases, predetermined alpha value was 95%. Results: A total of 54 schizophrenia patients was recruited; 64.8% were males (n=35) and 35.2% (n=19) females. Overall mean age was 36.6 9 years old (range = 19-57). Years of formal education mean was 7.6 3.8 (range = 1-17); and 77.8% reported some kind of previous work experience (non-competitive job; n = 42). Practically half of them were attending external consultation services (53.7% ambulatory patients, n = 29) and the rest of them were hospitalized (theoretically with more severe disorders). Reliability data. Cronbach's alphas coefficients were SA=0.69, EE=0.85. A sub-sample of 36 patients completed initial and fifteen day work-related social skills evaluations. Correlations between them were SA=0.66 and EE=0.73, p?.01. Validity data. For all the sample, high, positive and significant correlations between GAF and EE was obtained (r= 0.71, p? .01). No statistical relationship among GAF and AA was observed. EE total scores, but not SA ones, were clinically and statistically higher among outpatients in contrast to those who were hospitalized (12.9 2.5 vs. 10.72 ¿ 3.4; t=-2.77, gl=52, p=.008). In congruence, outpatients had a better global functioning (59.79 8.5 vs. 52.12 8.5; t=2.97, gl=52, p=.004). Similarly, higher EE scores were obtained by patients with previous job experience (12.76 2.55 vs. 8.91 3.53; t=4.11, gl=51, p?.0001). No gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Evidence of internal consistency, temporal stability and construct validity of EE format to measure work-related social skills among Mexican patients with schizophrenia were documented. Still, the self-administered scale did not show enough reliability coefficients nor validity indicators. This is congruent with data offered for the original version in English: Expert evaluation Cronbach's alphas were higher than the self-reported ones (.96 vs .80, respectively). However, for both SA and EE evaluations, the original English versions internal consistencies were higher than the Spanish ones evaluated in the present study. This could be explained by years of education and work status disparities among the samples. The expert evaluation by role playing showed a better short-temporal stability than the self-administered scale. Additionally, the EE scores, but not the SA ones, correlated in a high, positive and statistical fashion with the general functioning of the patients, and were higher in ambulatory than in hospitalized patients. Similarly, the original English EE, but not the SA evaluation, demonstrated better validity indicators by comparing people with and without schizophrenia. These data suggest that the evaluation of this construct among Mexican patients with a low educational level has to be performed by an expert using role playing exercises, instead of self-administered scales. Further studies are necessary in order to generalize the use of these measures among other populations.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45755","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-37049003954&partnerID=40&md5=8c5fcc698bffecb8c7e14c32db9f7638",,,,,,"5",,"Salud Mental",,"27

32",,"30",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Evaluation; Schizophrenia; Social skills; Work",,,,,,"Work-related social skills evaluation among schizophrenia patients: Validity and reliability of self-administered scales and role playing [Evaluación de habilidades sociales para el trabajo en pacientes con esquizofrenia: Validez y confiabilidad del autoreporte y la técnica de juego de roles]",,"Article" "47541","123456789/35008",,"Rangel-Villalobos, H., Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Programa de Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud-Universidad de Guadalajara (CUCS-UdeG), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega (CUCI-UdeG), Ocotlán, Jalisco, Mexico, División de Genética (CIBO-IMSS), Apdo. Postal 1-3838, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Jaloma-Cruz, A.R., División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Sandoval-Ramírez, L., División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Velarde-Félix, J.S., División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Gallegos-Arreola, M.P., Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Figuera, L.E., División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (CIBO-IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico",,"Rangel-Villalobos, H.

Jaloma-Cruz, A.R.

Sandoval-Ramirez, L.

Velarde-Felix, J.S.

Gallegos-Arreola, M.P.

Figuera, L.E.",,"2001",,"Background. Short tandem repeats (STRs) on the non-pseudoautosomal region of the Y-chromosome are DNA polymorphic markers able to solve special cases in legal medicine, for instance in paternity testing where the alleged father is not available, and in forensic situations, such as rape cases, where mixtures of male/female DNA are present. Methods. Six STR polymorphisms from the Y-chromosome (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389/I, DYS390, DYS391, and DYS393) were PCR-typed in 120 males from the northwest region of Mexico by means of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining. Results. Allele frequencies were estimated for each STR. Their gene diversity ranged from 51.4% for DYS393 to 92.5% for DYS385. Mexican Y-STR allele distributions displayed similarity (p > 0.05) with previously reported U.S. Hispanics for DYS19, DYS389/I, DYS390, DYS391, and DYS393. Although Mexicans showed the same modal allele for DYS385 (11/14; 24.4%) with regard to most European populations, differences in allele distributions were observed (p <0.01). The haplotype diversity and the male discriminatory capacity of this six-locus system were 99.3 and 84.1%, respectively. Conclusions. This knowledge permits the effective use of these six Y-chromosome markers in legal medicine casework in the studied population. This STR-system offers a great potential to identify males and male-lineages, and can be used confidentially in paternity testing and forensic analysis in the Mexican population. Copyright " 2001 IMSS.