Restoration of WNT4 inhibits cell growth in leukemia-derived cell lines

Abstract

The UV photodegradation of phenol in aqueous medium using PdO supported on binary Al2O3-Nd2O3 oxides as photocatalysts was studied. The PdO/Al2O3-Nd2O3 photocatalysts were prepared by the sol-gel method and characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Bare PdO/?-Al2O3 was found active for the photodegradation of phenol in aqueous medium. However, the addition of Nd2O3 to the ?-Al2O3 improves the photocatalytic activity of PdO photocatalysts as well as the decrease of dissolved organic carbon in aqueous milieu. Highest photocatalytic activity of PdO photocatalysts was observed for 10wt% of Nd2O3 added to the ?-Al2O3 increasing the activity by a factor of two with respect to that of PdO/?-Al2O3 after six hours of irradiation. The photocatalytic activity in the degradation of phenol by using the recovered PdO/Al-Nd photocatalysts is preserved after reaction. " 2013 Elsevier B.V.",,,,,,"10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.07.024",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/44248","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84881627458&partnerID=40&md5=0b231ffe32362fde94d7c3a051a49f3d",,,,,,,,"Applied Catalysis B: Environmental",,"362

368",,"144",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Al2O3-Nd2O3; PdO photocatalysts; Phenol; Photodegradation; Sol-Gel",,,,,,"Reusable PdO/Al2O3-Nd2O3 photocatalysts in the UV photodegradation of phenol",,"Article" "46016","123456789/35008",,"García-Castro, B., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Alvarez-Zavala, M., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Riveros-Magaña, A.R., Programa de Doctorado en Investigación Clínica, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Ortíz-Lazareno, P.C., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Ratkovich-González, S., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Hernández-Flores, G., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Bravo-Cuellar, A., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Jave-Suarez, L.F., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Aguilar-Lemarroy, A., División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Sierra Mojada No. 800, Col. Independencia, 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico",,"García-Castro, B.

Alvarez-Zavala, M.

Riveros-Magana, A.R.

Ortiz-Lazareno, P.C.

Ratkovich-Gonzalez, S.

Hernandez-Flores, G.

Bravo-Cuellar, A.

Jave-Suarez, L.F.

Aguilar-Lemarroy, A.",,"2013",,"Background: WNT signaling pathways are significantly altered during cancer development. Vertebrates possess two classes of WNT signaling pathways: the " canonical" WNT/?-catenin signaling pathway, and the " non-canonical" pathways including WNT/Ca2+ and WNT/Planar cell polarity [PCP] signaling. WNT4 influences hematopoietic progenitor cell expansion and survival; however, WNT4 function in cancer development and the resulting implications for oncogenesis are poorly understood.The aim of this study was twofold: first, to determine the expression of WNT4 in mature peripheral blood cells and diverse leukemia-derived cells including cell lines from hematopoietic neoplasms and cells from patients with leukemia; second, to identify the effect of this ligand on the proliferation and apoptosis of the blast-derived cell lines BJAB, Jurkat, CEM, K562, and HL60.Methods: We determined WNT4 expression by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T- and B-lymphocytes from healthy individuals, as well as from five leukemia-derived cell lines and blasts derived from patients with leukemia. To analyze the effect of WNT4 on cell proliferation, PBMCs and cell lines were exposed to a commercially available WNT4 recombinant human protein. Furthermore, WNT4 expression was restored in BJAB cells using an inducible lentiviral expression system. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by the addition of WST-1 to cell cultures and counting cells; in addition, the progression of the cell cycle and the amount of apoptosis were analyzed in the absence or presence of WNT4. Finally, the expression of WNT-pathway target genes was measured by qRT-PCR.Results: WNT4 expression was severely reduced in leukemia-derived cell lines and blasts derived from patients with leukemia. The exposure of cell lines to WNT4 recombinant protein significantly inhibited cell proliferation; inducing WNT4 expression in BJAB cells corroborated this observation. Interestingly, restoration of WNT4 expression in BJAB cells increased the accumulation of cells in G1 phase, and did not induce activation of canonical WNT/?-catenin target genes.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the WNT4 ligand plays a role in regulating the cell growth of leukemia-derived cells by arresting cells in the G1 cell cycle phase in an FZD6-independent manner, possibly through antagonizing the canonical WNT/?-catenin signaling pathway. " 2013 García-Castro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.