Fast algorithm for multiple-circle detection on images using learning automata

Abstract

This paper presents a four-quadrant analog multiplier. The architecture of the multiplier is designed with floating-gate CMOS transistors formed by squaring and current mirrors circuits. The results shown are accurate and appropriate. It is based on the square-law dependence of the MOS-transistor drain current on the gate-to-source voltage. To demonstrate the relevance of the design, aspect rations of the transistors is taken into account such that all the transistors are operating in saturation region. Also, in order to provide a linear behavior for the multiplier, the proposed design, present benefits in terms of linearity, threshold voltage mismatch, bandwidth, dynamic range and low power and low voltage. The multiplier is designed for SCN 0.13?m technology, the power supply is 0.5V and the power consumption is 1.56?W. " 2012 IEEE.",,,,,,"10.1109/ICEEE.2012.6421200",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41492","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84874400969&partnerID=40&md5=dc3db7d1809e6c9cf7961d62a3ee74a7",,,,,,,,"CCE 2012 - 2012 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control",,,,,,"Scopus",,,,,,"bandwidth; CMOS; dynamic range; floating gate; mirrors; mismatch; multiplier; squaring",,,,,,"FGMOS four-quadrant analog multiplier",,"Conference Paper" "43244","123456789/35008",,"Fernandez Escartin, E., Lab. Microbiol. Sanit., Fac. Cienc. Quim., Univ. Guadaljara, Guadalajara, Mexico; Castillo Ayala, A., Lab. Microbiol. Sanit., Fac. Cienc. Quim., Univ. Guadaljara, Guadalajara, Mexico; Torres Vitela, R., Lab. Microbiol. Sanit., Fac. Cienc. Quim., Univ. Guadaljara, Guadalajara, Mexico",,"Fernandez Escartin, E.

Castillo Ayala, A.

Torres Vitela, R.",,"1983",,"[No abstract available]",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41465","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0021035315&partnerID=40&md5=30377f46e79f0f4b40f1036f8e61d257",,,,,,"2",,"Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiologia",,"79

86",,"25",,"Scopus",,,,,,,,,,,,"Fate of indigenous Staphylococcus aureus and artificially inoculated Salmonella along the process and storage of non-pasteurized fresh cheese. II. Influence of pH associated flora and the original inocula of the pathogens [DESTINO DE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS NATIVO Y DE SALMONELLA ARTIFICIALMENTE INOCULADA EN LA LECHE DURANTE LA ELABORACION Y ALMACENAMIENTO DE QUESOS FRESCOS NO PASTEURIZADOS. II. INFLUENCIA DEL pH, DE LA FLORA ASOCIADA Y DEL NIVEL ORIGINAL DE CONTAMINACION DEL PATOGENO]",,"Article" "43249","123456789/35008",,"Filonov, A., Physics Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45238, Mexico; Novotryasov, V., Physical Oceanography, V.I.Il'chev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok 690109, Russian Federation",,"Filonov, A.

Novotryasov, V.",,"2005",,"This paper studies two examples of internal wave band temperature fluctuation spectra from moored instruments on the central Mexican Pacific Shelf and the western shelf of the Japan/East Sea. It is observed that for band f ? ? ? N, where N is the buoyancy frequency and f is the inertial frequency, the spectral falloff rate with frequency ? tends to ?-3. These features of spectra are simulated by the model spectrum of nonlinear internal waves in the shallow sea. It is shown that nonlinear internal waves with frequencies f ? ? ? N are governed by the modified simple wave equation. This equation underlie of the model spectrum of nonlinear internal waves on the shelf. The model spectrum shows ? -3 falloff rate with frequency in contrast with model spectrum proposed with Garrett and Munk, which shows ? -2 falloff rate. Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union.",,,,,,"10.1029/2005GL023046",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41470","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-25844461665&partnerID=40&md5=387bec3e786f6ce9e001a7e10b855129",,,,,,"15",,"Geophysical Research Letters",,,,"32",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,,,,,,,"Features of the nonlinear internal wave spectrum in the coastal zone",,"Article" "45009","123456789/35008",,"Soltero, J.F.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico; Robles-Vasquez, O., Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico; Puig, J.E., Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico; Manero, O., Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico",,"Soltero, J.F.A.

Robles-Vasquez, O.

Puig, J.E.

Manero, O.",,"1995",,"Complex materials such as liquid crystals present complicated rheological responses when they are subjected to shear flows [Oswald and Allain (1988); Matsumoto et al. (1989); Paasch et al. (1989)]. In particular, AOT-water lamellar liquid crystals behave as weak gels when they are subjected to oscillatory shear [Robles-Vazquez et al. (1993), (1994)] but when the applied stress surpasses the yield stress, they exhibit viscoelasticity [Soltero (1994)]. Also, for AOT-water biphasic dispersions at concentrations below the phase inversion concentration (? 8 wt % AOT) [Alexopoulos et al. (1989)], the formation of shear-induced microstructures at high shear rates causes shear thickening [Valdes et al. (1993)]. Upon decreasing shear rates, the dispersion still preserves much of its structure and consequently its viscosity remains higher than the values measured in the increasing shear rate mode. This behavior is referred as rheopexy or antithixotropy [Mewis (1979)]. Here we examine in detail the rheological response of lamellar liquid crystals under shear flows using a controlled-stress rheometer. We consider two double tail surfactants, one anionic (AOT) and another cationic (DDAB), whose phase diagrams have been studied extensively [Fontell (1973); Franses and Hart (1983); Fontell et al. (1986)]. Particular attention is given to the hysteresis detected when the samples are sheared under increasing-decreasing shear stress modes which result in thixotropic and antithixotropic behavior.",,,,,,"10.1122/1.550683",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/43230","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029219397&partnerID=40&md5=a33491c879fc512818f4c18a83fb12b2",,,,,,"1",,"Journal of Rheology",,"235

240",,"39",,"Scopus",,,,,,,,,,,,"Note: thixotropic-antithixotropic behavior of surfactant-based lamellar liquid crystals under shear flows",,"Article" "43257","123456789/35008",,"Flores-Ortega, J.R., Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, V. Gómez Farías 82, 48980 San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico; Godínez-Domínguez, E., Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, V. Gómez Farías 82, 48980 San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico; González-Sansín, G., Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, V. Gómez Farías 82, 48980 San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico; Rojo-Vázquez, J.A., Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, V. Gómez Farías 82, 48980 San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico; Corgos, A., Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, V. Gómez Farías 82, 48980 San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico; Morales-Jáuregui, M.Y., Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Universidad de Guadalajara, V. Gómez Farías 82, 48980 San Patricio-Melaque, Jalisco, Mexico",,"Flores-Ortega, J.R.

Godinez-Dominguez, E.

Gonzalez-Sanson, G.

Rojo-Vazquez, J.A.

Corgos, A.

Morales-Jauregui, M.Y.",,"2011",,"Stomach contents and dietary overlap of three round stingray species (Urobatis halleri, Urotrygon munda, and Urotrygon rogersi) captured off the central Pacific coast of Mexico were analyzed during the two main hydroclimatic periods (T1 and T2) that characterize the environmental variability in the area. The three round stingray species showed a narrow bathymetric distribution range, and the highest abundances were located at 20 m depth in both seasons. In general, the diets were mainly composed of benthic microcrustaceans (caridean shrimps) and to a lesser extent of fishes, polychaetes, and molluscs. The most abundant prey items in the diets were carideans of the families Processidae and Ogyriididae, and penaeids, followed by brachyuran and stomatopod larvae. All three stingrays exhibited a generalist feeding strategy. The diets showed high overlap values during period T1 in both inter- and intraspecies analyses, but lower values during period T2. There was no evidence of ontogenetic diet changes and sex was not a factor for trophic differences. The slight differences among diets were due to seasonal changes in the soft-bottom macrobenthic invertebrate assemblages in the shallow waters, and relationships like predation and competition were not the main factors influencing the population dynamics of the three stingray species.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41478","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80052488091&partnerID=40&md5=e79d2c97342b9d33b3e17f7788668948",,,,,,"3",,"Ciencias Marinas",,"279

292",,"37",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Benthic round stingrays; Central Mexican Pacific; Diet changes; Trophic ecology; Urotrygonidae",,,,,,"Feeding habits of three round stingrays (Rajiformes: Urotrygonidae) in the central Mexican pacific [Hábitos alimentarios de tres especies de raya (Rajiformes: Urotrygonidae) en el Pacífico central mexicano]",,"Article" "43253","123456789/35008",,"Santamaría-Miranda, A., CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Ap. postal 280, Guasave, Sinaloa 81100, Mexico, Becario EDI-IPN, La Paz, Mexico; Saucedo-Lozano, M., Universidad de Guadalajara, Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Gómez Farias No. 82, Melaque Jalisco, Mexico; Herrera-Moreno, M.N., CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Ap. postal 280, Guasave, Sinaloa 81100, Mexico; Apón-Molina, J.P., CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Ap. postal 280, Guasave, Sinaloa 81100, Mexico",,"Santamaria-Miranda, A.

Saucedo-Lozano, M.

Herrera-Moreno, M.N.

Apun-Molina, J.P.",,"2005",,"The biology and ecology of the species Lutjanus colorado and Lujanus argentiventris is almost unknown in the state of Sinaloa Mexico, in spite of the economic importance that catch of these species had in the year 2000 with 233,642 metric ton. The present work is of scientific importance by the biological contribution for the managing of these fisheries. Stomachs of these species were monthly collected from artisanal and personal catches during 2001. A total of 145 stomachs of L. argentiventris and 87 of L. colorado were analyzed. The stomach content was identified, separated in groups, quantified, weighted and the frequency of appearance obtained. Additionally, the total and monthly index of relative importance (IRI) was calculated, by sex and size. The diet of these fishes was constituted by two main trophic groups: fishes and crustaceans. The most important prey in the diet of L. argentiventris was Penaeus sp. (Decapoda Natantia) and in L. colorado was Goniopsis pulchra (Decapoda Reptantia). The amount of preys was greater in the summer months, being observed a greater variety of the nutritional spectrum. Numerical and gravimetric percentages were used to determine trophic spectrum diversity. These values were low (<0.5), concluding that the diet of these species is of low diversity but abundant.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41474","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-24644478711&partnerID=40&md5=d3848b8d1439ee03bba27e4edc05a71f",,,,,,"1",,"Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia",,"33

44",,"40",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Diet; Feeding; Fishes",,,,,,"Feeding habits of Lutjanus argentiventris and Lutjanus colorado (Pisces: Lutjanidae) in the north of Sinaloa, Mexico [Hábitos alimenticios del pargo amarillo Lutjanus argentiventris y del pargo rojo Lutjanus colorado (Pisces: Lutjanidae) en el norte de Sinaloa, México]",,"Article" "43267","123456789/35008",,"Pinal, L., Div. de Biotecnología, Ctro. Invest. y Asistencia Tecn. D., Av. Normalistas 800, Guadalajara Jal. 44270, Mexico; Cedeño, M., Destiladora Gonzalez Gonzalez, Puerto Altata 1131, Guadalajara Jal. 44330, Mexico; Gutiérrez, H., Departamento de Matemáticas, Ctro. Univ. de Cie. Exact. e Ing., Universidad de Guadalajara, Blvd. M. G. B. y Calz. Olimpica, Guadalajara Jal. 44840, Mexico; Alvarez-Jacobs, J., Div. de Biotecnología, Ctro. Invest. y Asistencia Tecn. D., Av. Normalistas 800, Guadalajara Jal. 44270, Mexico",,"Pinal, L.

Cedeno, M.

Gutierrez, H.

Alvarez-Jacobs, J.",,"1997",,"In the fermentation process of tequila, the type of yeast strain, the temperature (30 or 35°C) and the C/N ratio (62 or 188) had a significant influence in the level of higher alcohols produced. On the contrary, other parameters like nitrogen source [urea or (NH4)2SO4] and inoculum amount (5% or 10%), have little or no influence on the production of the compounds responsible for some of the organoleptic properties of tequila.",,,,,,"10.1023/A:1018362919846",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41488","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0031047681&partnerID=40&md5=0849cb3076eb121e74c2660409539a56",,,,,,"1",,"Biotechnology Letters",,"45

47",,"19",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,,,,,,,"Fermentation parameters influencing higher alcohol production in the tequila process",,"Article" "45010","123456789/35008",,"Navarrete-Heredia, J.L., Entomolo?ia, Ctro. de Estudios en Zoolo?ia, Universidad de Guadalajara, Apdo. Postal 234, 45100 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico",,"Navarrete-Heredia, J.L.",,"2003",,"Specific distributional data for Psilopyga fasciata in México is provided and new hosts records are included for Oxycnemus rostrosus, and P. fasciata from México, and P. histrina, and P. nigripennis from the United States.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/43231","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3042847255&partnerID=40&md5=02c0a485d3de27e428a3ceadbd5f47e2",,,,,,"2",,"Entomological News",,"81

85",,"114",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Coleoptera; Nitidulidae; Oxycnemus; Psilopyga",,,,,,"Notes on Mexican Psilopyga and Oxycnemus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)",,"Article" "43240","123456789/35008",,"Cuevas, E., Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Av. Revolución 1500, Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Wario, F., Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Av. Revolución 1500, Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Osuna-Enciso, V., Centro de Investigación en Computación-IPN, Av. Juan de Dios Batiz S/N, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Mexico; Zaldivar, D., Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Av. Revolución 1500, Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico; Pérez-Cisneros, M., Departamento de Electrónica, Universidad de Guadalajara, CUCEI, Av. Revolución 1500, Guadalajara, Jal, Mexico",,"Cuevas, E.

Wario, F.

Osuna-Enciso, V.

Zaldivar, D.

Perez-Cisneros, M.",,"2012",,"Hough transform has been the most common method for circle detection exhibiting robustness but adversely demanding a considerable computational load and large storage. Alternative approaches include heuristic methods that employ iterative optimisation procedures for detecting multiple circles under the inconvenience that only one circle can be marked at each optimisation cycle demanding a longer execution time. In contrast, learning automata (LA) is a heuristic method to solve complex multi-modal optimisation problems. Although LA converges to just one global minimum, the final probability distribution holds valuable information regarding other local minima which have emerged during the optimisation process. The detection process is considered as a multi-modal optimisation problem, allowing the detection of multiple circular shapes through only one optimisation procedure. The algorithm uses a combination of three edge points as parameters to determine circles candidates. A reinforcement signal determines whether such circle candidates are actually present at the image. Guided by the values of such reinforcement signal, the set of encoded candidate circles are evolved using the LA so that they can fit into actual circular shapes over the edge-only map of the image. The overall approach is a fast multiple-circle detector despite facing complicated conditions. " The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2012.