The unusual interacting pair of galaxies IC 3481 and IC 3481A: An optical-NIR photometric and spectroscopic analysis

Abstract

Background: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is the main cause of preventable blindness in premature babies. Currently, there is a shortage of trained ophthalmologists, which has resulted in an alarming increase in cases of vision loss and related complications. This study's aim was to determine the utility of examinations conducted by non-ophthalmologist physicians to assess posterior pole vessel abnormalities in eyes at risk for ROP. Method: Non-ophthalmologist physicians (pediatrician and neonatologist) were trained to use an indirect ophthalmoscope to view the posterior pole of babies at risk for ROP. Examinations were conducted on both eyes of premature infants born before 35 weeks gestational age (GA) starting at the third week after birth and weekly thereafter. The presence of Plus disease was identified by the non-ophthalmologist and results compared to the clinical examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist experienced in ROP detection and treatment. Chi-square was used for proportions and the Mann Whitney U test for medians. Fagan's nomogram was determined for diagnostic usability. The Kappa index was used to rate inter-observer agreement. Results: Results of 228 examinations performed on 150 premature infants were analyzed to determine the correlation of the non-ophthalmologist findings and the eye examination. For any vascular change in posterior pole diagnostic, findings were 87% and 87% accuracy for pediatrician and neonatologist, 82% and 83% sensitivity, 90% and 90% specificity respectively. There was no significant difference found in the detection of Plus disease for the examinations performed by the ophthalmologist compared to those performed by the non-ophthalmologist (P<0.05). Conclusions: After training in the use of an indirect ophthalmoscope, non-ophthalmologist physicians can reliably detect posterior pole retinal vessel changes for ROP diagnosis. " 2011 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.",,,,,,"10.3109/09286586.2011.602506",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45318","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80755125555&partnerID=40&md5=4a306744d1c81ec82ce4be19cfdc4c0d

http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=22053835",,,,,,"6",,"Ophthalmic Epidemiology",,"264

268",,"18",,"Scopus

WOS

MEDLINE",,,,"Index Medicus;Chi-Square Distribution;Humans;Infant, Newborn;Infant, Premature;Mexico;Neonatal Screening/mt [Methods];Neonatology/mt [Methods];Ophthalmoscopy/mt [Methods];Pediatrics/mt [Methods];Retinopathy of Prematurity/di [Diagnosis];Statistics, Nonparametric",,"Blindness prevention; Non-ophthalmologist; Plus disease; Retinopathy of prematurity detection",,,,,,"The utility of non-ophthalmologist examination of eyes at risk for serious retinopathy of prematurity",,"Article" "47040","123456789/35008",,"Hernández-Pando, R., Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Inst. Nac. la Nutr. Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico; Arriaga, A.K., Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Inst. Nac. la Nutr. Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico; Panduro, C.A., Molecular Virology Division, Ctro. Invest. sobre Enferm. I., Instituto de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca Mor, Mexico; Orozco, E.H., Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Inst. Nac. la Nutr. Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico; Larriva-Sahd, J., Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Inst. Nac. la Nutr. Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico; Madrid-Marina, V., Inst. of Molec. Biol. in Med. GUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara Jal, Mexico

Panduro-Cerda, Arturo., Universidad de Guadalajara",,"Hernandez-Pando, R.

Arriaga, A.K.

Panduro-Cerda, Arturo

Orozco, E.H.

Larriva-Sahd, J.

Madrid-Marina, V.",,"1998",,"A mouse model of pulmonary tuberculosis induced by the intratracheal instillation of live and virulent mycobacteria strain H37-Rv was used to study the relationship of the histopathological changes with the kinetics of local production and circulating levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the gene expression of acute phase proteins (APP) in the liver. The histopathological studies showed a mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate located in the perivascular, peribronchial, and interstitial areas, with granulomas which started to form 2 weeks after the infection. Numerous IL-6 immunostained activated macrophages were observed in the inflammatory infiltrate, particularly in the interstitialintralveolar compartment and granulomas, coexisting with a high IL-6 mRNA concentration determined by reverse transcription polimerase chain reaction in lung homogenates, particularly at day 21 of infection. Two peaks of IL-6 demonstrated by ELISA in lung homogenates and sera were observed at day 3 and 21 of infection, being higher on the latter. The hepatic APP mRNA transcription (?1-acid glycoprotein, fibrinogen, complement factor 4) analyzed by Northern blot showed a rapid and high increase at day one postinfection, which rapidly decreased and showed another second peak at day 21, when granulomas reached full maturity and the maximal production of IL-6 was observed. At the same time the liver mRNA concentrations of the negative APP albumin showed a substantial decrease. From 1 to 4 months after M. tuberculosis intratracheal instillation, histopathological changes of more severity (pneumonia, necrosis) and chronicity (interstitial fibrosis) were seen, as well as small groups of IL- 6 immunostained macrophages in the pneumonic areas, granulomas and perivascular compartments, in coexistence with low IL-6 expression. During this advanced stage of the disease a high mRNA concentration of ?1-acid glycoprotein and fibrinogen associated with low expression of the albumin gene in the liver continued. Thus, it seems that the time course of hepatic APP genetic expression in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis is related to the production of IL-6 and relevant histopathological changes, particularly the formation of granuloma.",,,,,,"10.1006/exmp.1998.2224",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45261","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-18744418330&partnerID=40&md5=006a96aaedbfb29fd72931fa3e575c82",,,,,,"1",,"Experimental and Molecular Pathology",,"25

36",,"65",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Acute phase proteins; Interleukin 6; Tuberculosis",,,,,,"The response of hepatic acute phase proteins during experimental pulmonary tuberculosis",,"Article" "47089","123456789/35008",,"Pérez Grana, J.A., Departamento de Física UDG, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Revolucion SN, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ave. Vallarta No. 2602, Col. Arcos Vallarta, C.P. 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Kemp, S.N., Departamento de Física UDG, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Revolucion SN, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ave. Vallarta No. 2602, Col. Arcos Vallarta, C.P. 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; de la Fuente, E., Departamento de Física UDG, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Avenida Revolucion SN, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ave. Vallarta No. 2602, Col. Arcos Vallarta, C.P. 44130 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Katsiyannis, A.C., Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa and V. Paulou, Penteli, 15236 Athens, Greece; Meaburn, J., Jodrell Bank Observatory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, United Kingdom",,"Perez Grana, J.A.

Kemp, S.N.

de la Fuente, E.

Katsiyannis, A.C.

Meaburn, J.",,"2009",,"We present the first optical and near infrared (NIR) photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the interacting pair of galaxies IC 3481 (lenticular) and IC 3481A (elliptical). These galaxies have a tidal bridge connecting them, and an unusual long filament in the shape of an ellipse extending to the SE of IC 3481A. Surface brightnesses and colors were calculated for regions such as galaxy centers, bridges, filaments and optical knots. The optical colors and underlying continuum spectra of the galaxies are consistent with old populations dominated by K-type stars, but the optical-NIR colors imply more intermediate ages. IC 3481 has very weak emission lines with ratios implying it is a borderline AGN-H II region case, but IC 3481A has strong emission lines implying a H ? luminosity of about 1.3 1042 erg s- 1 with H II-region-like line ratios, and an SFR of ?11 M? yr- 1. Interacting early-type galaxies, and early-type galaxies in pairs and groups have generally been found to have very low SFRs, and it may be that this unusually active pair represents a phase in the merger history of a compact group. One possibility is that one or both galaxies may be the end result of a merger involving a late-type galaxy, providing sufficient gas to drive the circumnuclear starburst in IC 3481A, although the implied ages of the underlying stellar populations in both galaxies are against this hypothesis. The ellipse-like filament is possibly formed out of the remains of an accreted small disk galaxy. " 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.