Effect of supplementing rumen-protected methionine on production and nitrogen excretion in lactating dairy cows

Abstract

Browse foliages from Lysiloma acapulcencis, Quercus laeta and Pithecellobium dulce, native to the subtropical region of southern México, were harvested during the dry season (DS) and rainy season (RS) to determine in situ degradability using ruminal inoculum from fistulated cows as well as goats previously adapted (AG) or not adapted (UG) to browse species fed in their daily diet. Browse leaf samples were incubated in the rumen of each group for 48 h. The crude protein (CP) content of browse was considerably higher in RS (P<0.001). P. dulce had the lowest neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) in the two seasons; L. acapulcencis had the highest values and Q. laeta values were intermediate, with an overall increase in fiber fractions in DS browse foliage (P<0.001). The lowest in situ degradability values were in L. acapulcencis and Q. laeta had intermediate values during both seasons. Season of harvest (RS or DS), and ruminal inoculum (cows, UG, and AG) affected (P<0.001) dry matter degradability (DMD), crude protein degradability (CPD) and fiber fractions of browse. Nutrient degradabilities in all species were higher (P<0.001) in DS than RS. Goats previously exposed to these browse species (AG) had higher (P<0.001) in situ degradability of the browse species than cows or goats in UG fed diets without browse. Overall, goats had higher (P<0.001) nutrient in situ degradability than cows. Our results suggest higher potential of these browse species as forages for ruminants during the dry period in semi-arid regions, but goats previously exposed to diets supplemented with the browse species had a better ability to degrade them than cows or goats in UG. P. dulce has the highest potential as a feed protein source in small ruminants during the dry period. " 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.",,,,,,"10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.12.001",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41001","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-74649083869&partnerID=40&md5=b8a9ffac4a2435b58afe0310844fa32b",,,,,,"02-abr",,"Animal Feed Science and Technology",,"206

212",,"155",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Browse; Cows; Degradability; Dry season; Goats; Rainy season",,,,,,"Effect of season on chemical composition and in situ degradability in cows and in adapted and unadapted goats of three Mexican browse species",,"Article" "42777","123456789/35008",,"Michel-Morfín, J.E., Centro de Ecología Costera, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Farias 82, San Patricio-Melaque Jalisco 48980, Mexico; Chávezo, E.A., Centro de Ecología Costera, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Farias 82, San Patricio-Melaque Jalisco 48980, Mexico",,"Michel-Morfin, J.E.

Chavezo, E.A.",,"2000",,"The purple snail is an important economic species because of the dye obtained from it in western Mexico. This dye has been used since ancient times to color ceremonial dresses purple. Other snails produce dye, but Plicopurpura pansa dye extraction was done without killing the snail. Repetitive dye extraction is possible. The best time between each milking, dye yield versus milking frequency, and effect on survival was determined by repetitive milking snail groups several times (7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Mortality in the most frequently milked groups and dye yield reduction occurred (every 7 and 14 days). When milking frequency occurred every 21 days, the best dye yield and 100% survival rate was observed. These results suggest wild populations can be exploited using optimum extraction schedules, leaving at least 21 days between each dye extraction.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/40998","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034495413&partnerID=40&md5=9a1589f2bcdd1b086455a6e60595be0f",,,,,,"2",,"Journal of Shellfish Research",,"913

917",,"19",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Exploitation; Mollusks; Natural dyes; Plicopurpura pansa; Purple snail",,,,,,"Effect of repetitive dye extraction over yield and survival rate of the purple snail Plicopurpura Pansa(Gould, 1853)",,"Article" "42793","123456789/35008",,"Broderick, G.A., Agricultural Research Service, USDA, US Dairy Forage Research Center, 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Stevenson, M.J., Degussa Canada Inc., Burlington, ON L7R 3Y8, Canada, Halchemix Canada Inc., 304 Toronto Street South, Uxbridge, ON L9P 1H3, Canada; Patton, R.-A., Nittany Dairy Nutrition Inc., Mifflinburg, PA 17844, United States; Lobos, N.E., Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, United States; Colmenero, J.J.O., Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, United States, Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos, Carretera a Yahualica Km. 7.5, Jalisco, Mexico CP 47600, Mexico",,"Broderick, G.A.

Stevenson, M.J.

Patton, R.-A.

Lobos, N.E.

Colmenero, J.J.O.",,"2008",,"Two 4 4 Latin square trials (4-wk periods; 16 wk total) were conducted to see whether supplementing rumen-protected Met (RPM; fed as Mepron) would allow feeding less crude protein (CP), thereby reducing urinary N excretion, but without losing production. In trial 1, 24 Holsteins were fed 4 diets as total mixed rations containing [dry matter (DM) basis]: 18.6% CP and 0 g of RPM/d; 17.3% CP and 5 g of RPM/d; 16.1% CP and 10 g of RPM/d; or 14.8% CP and 15 g of RPM/d. Dietary CP was reduced by replacing soybean meal with high-moisture shelled corn. All diets contained 21% alfalfa silage, 28% corn silage, 4.5% roasted soybeans, 5.8% soyhulls, 0.6% sodium bicarbonate, 0.5% vitamins and minerals, and 27% neutral detergent fiber. There was no effect of diet on intake, weight gain, or yields of protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat. However, production was greater at 17.3% CP plus RPM and 16.1% CP plus RPM than on the other 2 diets. Apparent N efficiency (milk N:N intake) was greatest on the lowest CP diet containing the most RPM. Linear reductions in milk urea N and urinary N excretion were observed with lower dietary CP. In trial 2, 32 Holsteins were fed 4 diets as total mixed rations, formulated from ingredients used in trial 1 and containing 16.1 or 17.3% CP with 0 or 10 g of RPM/d. On average, cows were calculated to be in negative N balance on all diets because of lower than expected DM intake. There was no effect of RPM supplementation on any production trait. However, higher CP gave small increases in yields of milk, protein, and solids-not-fat and tended to increase DM intake and lactose yield. Apparent N efficiency was greater, and milk urea nitrogen was lower, on 16.1% CP. In trial 1, feeding lower CP diets supplemented with RPM resulted in improved N efficiency and reduced urinary N excretion. However, in trial 2, reducing dietary CP from 17.3 to 16.1% reduced milk secretion, an effect that was not reversed by RPM supplementation at low DM intakes when cows were apparently mobilizing body protein. " American Dairy Science Association, 2008.