Propuesta para el almacenamiento y recolección de agua lluvia en zonas urbanas mediante la aplicación de un hormigón poroso

Abstract

In the present experimental work, its purpose was to propose the use of porous concrete as an alternative solution to recover groundwater through the drainage of rainwater runoff. The physical and mechanical characteristics were analyzed through laboratory tests of the different types of granular material obtained from the Tuco León quarries of the Pasaje canton and Pablo Beltrán of the Santa Rosa canton; from this, the design of different mix dosages with crushed materials of nominal maximum size of 3/8 "and 3/4" and 3/4 "pebble was made. We carried out 9 dosages of porous concrete mixture, taking as reference values of void ratios of 0.35, 0.38 and 0.41; percentage of design gaps of 15, 17 and 19%. With these parameters, different samples of porous concrete were prepared, which by laboratory tests were determined their physical and mechanical characteristics, obtaining as results: For the samples of crushed of 3/8 "maximum values of 10.92 Mpa were obtained in resistance to the compression, permeability of 1.98 cm / s and percentages of voids of 33.68%. In crushing samples of 3/4 "maximum values of 9.34 MPa were obtained in compression resistance, 4.51 cm / s permeability and 35.65 vacuum percentages, while in 3/4" pebble samples maximum values were obtained. 12.45 MPa in compression resistance, permeability of 4.05 cm / s and vacuum percentages of 35.82%. As a result, a prototype with porous concrete applicable to the construction of structures for exclusive use for pedestrians is proposed, considering for its dosage granular material of 3/8 "with water-cement ratios of 0.35 and with percentages of gaps of 15%, this design obtained maximum values of 10.92 MPa in compression resistance, permeability of 1.98 cm / s and percentages of voids of 33.68%, which makes it ideal for this type of structure. The prototype consists of the porous concrete layer 10 to 20 cm thick, made with 3/8 "granular material, cement content of 0.35 and vacuum percentage of 15%; a filtering layer of granular material of size 4.75 mm with a vacuum percentage of 10 to 20%, this layer works as a filter for the materials dragged by the water; a permeable geotextile membrane that allows drainage of water between the filter mantle and the sub-base, its function is to prevent granular materials from mixing; some sub-base with granular material of sizes greater than 1 ½ with a percentage of voids of 30 to 40% ", this layer allows the storage of water; finally, a drainage system that allows excess water to be transported to sewerage systems and storage sources for subsequent reuse. The cost of a cubic meter of this type of porous concrete put into work is approximately $ 113.46 US dollars.