Caracterización pomológica y agromorfológica de chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.), existentes en el INIAP y Universidad de Cuenca

Abstract

The cherimoya is native from the southern Andean region of Ecuador and northern Peru, has had great acceptance and consumption, given its exceptional characteristics. Unfortunately the crop has not been widely disseminated. This study aims to characterize pomologicaly accessions of cherimoya with the premise that there is at least an accession with desirable characteristics for productivity. And characterize agromorphologically one hundred plants in order to identify them. The research was carried out at the Experimental Station Austro (INIAP) located in canton Gualaceo using a desing of blocks at random (DBA) with ten replications and test significance of Tukey five percent and in the farm El Romeral (University of Cuenca) in canton Guachapala, using a desing by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis. Statistical analyzes were carried out in the SPSS software, using descriptors from Bioversity International and CHERLA, the pomological characterization had twenty nine qualitative and quantitative descriptors, the agromorphological characterization had sixty six qualitative and quantitative descriptors. The fruit at physiological maturity were collected to characterize pomologically. To characterize agromorphologically was collected four leaves, ten flowers and four fruits per tree. The characterization pomological identified four treatments (one, four, seven and ten) with relevant characteristics related to the quality of fruit. Agromorphological characterizations get components three and four clusters which differ in relation to the quality of fruit (weight and size of the fruit, ºBrix, pH, etc.).