El género Phaedranassa (Amaryllidaceae) como fuente promisoria de metabolitos bioactivos ante la enfermedad de Alzheimer - Revisión Bibliográfica

Abstract

Amaryllidaceae family comprises a group of plant genders distributed worldwide, developing in tropical and subtropical habitats., 33 species of plants from this family grow in Ecuador, of which 12 are endemic. The genus Phaedranassa belongs to this family, being distributed in Ecuador, Colombia and Costa Rica. Phaedranassa cuencana was reported for the first time in 2015, in Sevilla de Oro (Azuay, Ecuador). Its common names are “cebolla de cerro”, “urco cebolla” or “amancay”, highlighting its beautiful flowers. Phaedranassa dubia is a bulbous terrestrial shrub, with common names of “papa del lobo” o “cebolla de gallinazo”. This specie is native to the Ecuador and Colombia Andes, in Ecuador this plant is distributed in Carchi, Imbabura, Napo and Pichincha provinces. Phaedranassa tunguraguae is an endemic species of Ecuador, it is found in the central-eastern Ecuadorian Andes from Tungurahua province. Members of the Amaryllidaceae family produces promising secondary metabolites. Currently, the isolation of 300 alkaloids, classified in nine groups are reported. In the genus Phaedranassa, bioactive alkaloids such as galantamine, phenadramine, hemantamine, pseudolicorin have been identified. These molecules are therapeutic agents for Alzheimer disease (AD) treatment. The aim of this work was to analyze scientific literature referring to the bioactivity of secondary metabolites from Phaedranassa dubia, Phaedranassa cuencana y Phaedranassa tunguraguae, as therapeutic agents against Alzheimer's disease. Information retrieved from 2015 to 2021 in the databases: Scielo, ScienceDirect, PubMed y Redalyc was analyzed. This work contributed to raise awareness regarding new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, which affects vulnerable population. The literature review identified Phaedranassa cuencana as a promising source of galantamine, the alkaloid used as main treatment for Alzheimer disease.