Evaluación de la diversidad y abundancia microbiana en suelos manejados bajo dos sistemas de producción contrastantes, dedicados al cultivo de trigo en el sur del Ecuador, mediante un análisis metagenómico

Abstract

The system of agroecological cultivation promises the development of micro and macro organisms in the soil and consequently a greater fertility. On the contrary, the conventional system tends to be criticized because it is thought that it reduces the fertility of the soil as a result of the permanent application of synthetic products. In the country, there are no comparative studies between these two systems of production at the level of microbial communities. Techniques based on the isolation and cultivation of microorganisms limit the knowledge of these communities since only a very limited group of microorganisms can be cultivated. Current techniques are based on molecular and bioinformatic analysis. In this work we study the microbial communities of wheat rhizospheric soil cultivated in an agroecological and conventional way, using soil DNA. In total, 10 pairs of samples were collected in the provinces of Azuay and Cañar, each pair was composed of one sample of each culture system and in pairs were collected in similar areas, the history of the crop was evidenced through surveys the owners. The metagenomic DNA was extracted from each sample and used to amplify the ITS and 16S region of the community of fungi and bacteria respectively. The amplified DNA was submitted to DGGE and from the profile of generated bands the diversity of the communities was analyzed using the Wealth, Shannon and Equitativity indices. No significant differences were found between fungal and bacterial diversity when comparing both culture systems.