Diseño y construcción de una arrancador suave con potencia eléctrica escalable aplicado a motores de inducción trifásicos

Abstract

In the Ecuadorian market, there are integrated systems of soft starters for three-phase induction electric motors in different brands and fixed electric power, but there are not scalable modular systems in electrical power that facilitate the maneuvers and the reuse of the same soft starter system in other motors of different electrical power. Chapter II deals with the principles of electromagnetism applied in electric induction motors, consolidates the differences between the techniques called trigger angle and frequency variation applied in the starting of asynchronous motors and analyzes the modulation by sinusoidal pulse width SPWM that will be used for the design of the soft starter. The design of the soft starter detailed in Chapter III entails the application of pre-established mathematical models. Design calculations are confirmed by using computer programs that allow modeling and anticipating future complications in the choice, construction and testing of the prototype. Chapter IV presents the construction of the soft starter, which begins with the selection of equipment and materials according to the design that are then integrated in a modular form on an electrical panel. The soft starter tests displayed in Chapter V are a thorough process to demonstrate the SPWM waveform, switching times, overlap between positive half-cycle and negative half-cycle per phase and the phase sequence in the three-phase system that it is done at the microcontroller level.