Estudio de factibilidad técnica de un sistema integral de transporte público eléctrico. Caso de estudio: integración de electrolineras a la infraestructura eléctrica del Tranvía de Cuenca

Abstract

The Ecuadorian State in its eagerness to change the energy matrix in the transport sector, approved the Organic Law of Energy Efficiency, which establishes the regulatory framework for the compulsory use of electric traction urban public transport from the year 2025. Thinking of a transition towards electric mobility, the city of Cuenca will soon have a tram-type mass transportation system, which aims to be an efficient and ecological means of electric transportation. The main problem towards this transition is the lack of charging infrastructure for the electric traction units. The tram system could be enhanced by taking advantage of its infrastructure to place charging stations along the route, since the city does not yet have this type of recharging facilities. This thesis raises the technical feasibility of incorporating charging stations to the electrical infrastructure of the tram, and to propose the integration by means of a common infrastructure for supplying different means of transport for electric traction, which at present has been designed solely for the tram. To do this, the tram's electrical network is implemented and simulated in different operating scenarios, incorporating charging stations into its infrastructure, and observing the impact they generate on the network. It is technically feasible to incorporate almost all the scenarios, however, the one that considers the fast charge of 95 EV and 18 BEB is the most technically ideal to implement. To justify the transition to electric mobility, an energy study is carried out, which determines that an EV has a lower energy consumption and a greater efficiency of 944%, compared to a taxi. Combustion buses have a higher energy consumption by 361% and a lower energy efficiency by 312% compared to BEBs. The tram presents a 36% higher energy consumption, a 9% lower efficiency and a 1374% higher energy consumption per passenger on the tram route. From an energy point of view, the commercial operation of a BEB fleet in replacement of the current combustion units and the tram is a more profitable solution.