Evaluación fenológica de cinco variedades precoces de papas nativas (Solanum spp. L) multiplicadas mediante brotes en la estación experimental Tunshi.

Abstract

The present investigation aims to evaluate phenologically 5 varieties of native potato (Solanum spp. L) multiplied by outbreaks at the Tunshi Experimental Station, ESPOCH, Chimborazo. A randomized complete block design was used with 5 treatments with 3 repetitions. The varieties under study were, egg yolk potato (T1), yellow chaucha potato (T2), northern potato (T3), red chaucha potato (T4), ratona potato (T5). The following characteristics were evaluated: 1) Phenological characteristics, 2) Morphological and agronomic characteristics, 3) Yield by getting the results as described: 1) Days to flowering, more days (98 days) Northern potato , fewer days (65 days) yellow chaucha potato; Days to harvest, more days (115d days) Northern, a fewer days red chaucha potato, 2) Category of the potato: Northern potato is in the first and the second category and yolk of egg potato is in the third category: Number of stems: red chaucha and ratona potato with more stems (7 stems), and Northern potato with a few stems (5 stems / plant): Number of tubers per plant: Egg yolk potato 53.67 tuber / panta, Northern potato 46 tuber / plant); Weight of tuber, Northern potato 1.13 kg / plant and red chaucha 0.8 kg / plant that means no statistically significant; Shape, flower color, stem, leaf, tubers: egg yolk potato presented purple flower, yellowish green stem, yellowish green leaves, deep yellow round tuber, yellow chaucha potato presented a lilac flower, green stem with dark straight wings, dark green leaf, yellow tubers, Northern presented lilac flower, green stalk with pigmentation, purple tuber with beige spots, red chaucha potato presented pale purple flower, green stem, pale green leaves, pale red tubers, ratona potato presented white flower, green stem, green leaf, dark pink tuber, and 3) Yield Kg / ha: Northern potato (11228.97 kg / ha) had the highest yield. It is concluded that the earliest varieties are yellow chaucha potato, red chaucha potato with different agronomic and morphological characteristics, whereas Northern potato is the highest yield potato. It is recommended to investigate about fertilizing of native potatoes.