Evaluación de la capacidad de fitorremediación y tolerancia de un suelo contaminado por hidrocarburos, en el sector San José, cantón Cuyabeno, provincia de Sucumbíos, utilizando Phaseolus Vulgaris, Zea Mays, Sorghum Vulgare y Panicum Máximum JACQ

Abstract

Phytoremediation is a technique to recover contaminated soils, which consists of taking advantage of the capacity of a plant species to accumulate, metabolize and absorb existing contaminants in the soil, the selection of plants is key to achieving optimal results. In this experimental trial, the phytoremediation capacity and tolerance of 4 plant species Phaseolus vulgaris, Zea mays, Sorghum vulgare and Panicum maximum jacq were studied at concentrations of 1000, 5000 and 10000 ppm evaluated in different treatments including the control (0 ppm). The study was carried out in the province of Sucumbíos, Cuyabeno canton, planting and monitoring of the study was in situ, physicochemical and microbiological parameters were analyzed at the beginning and end of the study. The measurements of the different variables were evaluated every 15 days, obtaining a total of 8 measurements throughout the four months of the investigation. For the quantification of TPH, the SOXHLET extraction methodology and the gravimetric method were used. In the statistical analysis of the results, an ANOVA was used with a 5% Tukey test performed in the R-studio software with a 4x4 factorial arrangement. As a result, it was determined that the species Panicum maximum jacq reached a removal of 47%, being the plant with the highest phytoremediation capacity. In the microbiological part, an increase in CFU was observed at the end of the trial, especially in the species Phaseolus vulgaris and Panicum maximum jacq. In the physicochemical analyzes, a decrease in pH, humidity, organic carbon and potassium was observed, while electrical conductivity, nitrogen and phosphorus increased compared to the first analyzes.