Diversidad biológica y genética de microartrópodos edáficos asociados a cultivos de vid en Chile Central

Abstract

Agricultural management causes effects on agroecosystems, altering the characteristics of the soil. Our objective was to determine the biological diversity and genetic diversity of microarthropods associated with organic and conventional vineyards, to establish whether organic management favors the biodiversity of soils and molecular identification of oribatid mites. The extraction of the individuals was realized through the medium of a modified Berlese-Tullgren method and amplified environmental DNA (eDNA). The abundance and richness of taxa had significant differences in vineyards with organic management compared to conventional ones. Furthermore, the relationship between the main groups of Acari and Collembola indicated that both systems are healthy. However, for this study, only agricultural practices did not explain these variations between these systems. Oribatid genetic diversity was high in all systems. Bayesian and Median-Joining Network analysis suggest that the 14 haplotypes identified belonged to the genera of Oppiella, Protoribates, Chamobates, Epilohmannia, Rhysotritia and haplotypes of the family Lohmanniida, which belongs to the suborder Brachypylina and Mixonomata, all appear on the order oribatida, however specific haplotypes were not defined for each manner of handling. Therefore, the biological and genetic diversity of the populations of microarthropods (Oribatida), can be good indicators of the changes that occur in different ecosystems, specifically the genetic diversity can be considered as an indicator of soil alteration, allowing us to determine its level of productivity, making them sustainable over time, helping to maintain biodiversity in these systems.