info:eu-repo/semantics/article
The Genetic History of Native Americans
Fecha
2012-08Registro en:
Reich, David; Patterson, Nick; Campbell, Desmond; Tandon, Arti; Mazieres, Stéphane; et al.; The Genetic History of Native Americans; Nature Publishing Group; Nature; 488; 7411; 8-2012; 370-374
0028-0836
CONICET Digital
CONICET
Autor
Reich, David
Patterson, Nick
Campbell, Desmond
Tandon, Arti
Mazieres, Stéphane
Ray, Nicolas
Parra, Maria V.
Rojas, Winston
Duque, Constanza
Mesa, Natalia
García, Luis F.
Triana, Omar
Blair, Silvia
Maestre, Amanda
Dib, Juan C.
Bravi, Claudio Marcelo
Bailliet, Graciela
Corach, Daniel
Hünemeier, Tábita
Bortolini, Maria Cátira
Salzano, Francisco M.
Petzl Erler, María Luiza
Acuña Alonzo, Victor
Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos
Canizales Quinteros, Samuel
Tusié Luna, Teresa
Riba, Laura
Rodríguez Cruz, Maricela
Lopez Alarcón, Mardia
Coral Vazquez, Ramón
Resumen
The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved1, 2, 3, 4, 5. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single6, 7, 8 migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call ?First American?. However, speakers of Eskimo?Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.