info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Museums and cradles of diversity are geographically coincident for narrowly distributed Neotropical snakes
Fecha
2020-02Registro en:
Azevedo, Josué Anderson Rêgo; Guedes, Thaís B.; Nogueira, Cristiano de Campos; Passos, Paulo; Sawaya, Ricardo; et al.; Museums and cradles of diversity are geographically coincident for narrowly distributed Neotropical snakes; Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Inc; Ecography; 43; 2; 2-2020; 328-339
0906-7590
CONICET Digital
CONICET
Autor
Azevedo, Josué Anderson Rêgo
Guedes, Thaís B.
Nogueira, Cristiano de Campos
Passos, Paulo
Sawaya, Ricardo
Prudente, Ana
Barbo, Fausto Erritto
Strüssmann, Christine
Franco, Francisco L.
Arzamendia, Vanesa
Giraudo, Alejandro Raul
Argolo, Antonio
Jansen, Martin
Zaher, Hussam
Tonini, Joao Filipe Riva
Faurby, Søren
Antonelli, Alexandre
Resumen
Factors driving the spatial configuration of centres of endemism have long been a topic of broad interest and debate. Due to different eco-evolutionary processes, these highly biodiverse areas may harbour different amounts of ancient and recently diverged organisms (paleo- and neo-endemism, respectively). Patterns of endemism still need to be measured at distinct phylogenetic levels for most clades and, consequently, little is known about the distribution, the age and the causes of such patterns. Here we tested for the presence of centres with high phylogenetic endemism (PE) in the highly diverse Neotropical snakes, testing the age of these patterns (paleo- or neo-endemism), and the presence of PE centres with distinct phylogenetic composition. We then tested whether PE is predicted by topography, by climate (seasonality, stability, buffering and relictualness), or biome size. We found that most areas of high PE for Neotropical snakes present a combination of both ancient and recently diverged diversity, which is distributed mostly in the Caribbean region, Central America, the Andes, the Atlantic Forest and on scattered highlands in central Brazil. Turnover of lineages is higher across Central America, resulting in more phylogenetically distinct PE centres compared to South America, which presents a more phylogenetically uniform snake fauna. Finally, we found that elevational range (topographic roughness) is the main predictor of PE, especially for paleo-endemism, whereas low paleo-endemism levels coincide with areas of high climatic seasonality. Our study highlights the importance of mountain systems to both ancient and recent narrowly distributed diversity. Mountains are both museums and cradles of snake diversity in the Neotropics, which has important implications for conservation in this region.