Indicadores emocionais de adolescentes vítimas de abuso sexual : estudo compreensivo de casos múltiplos

Abstract

The sexual abuse in adolescence is, most of the cases, related to the victim´s silencing, due to threats or coercion of the abuser, being more often against females and practiced by men. It is defined as sexual abuse when someone befefits sexually from teenagers with or without physical contact, through a heterossexual or homosexual relation with one or more adults, where there is sexual stimulation of both or other person. This study had its goals related to teenagers who were victims of sexual abuse: characterize the socioeconomic profile; investigate the emotional conditions; comprehend the subjective experience; analyse the social skills and possible behavior issues; evaluate the cognitive conditions and comprehend the idendity development of these teenagers. That way, the current research was made with teenagers who were victims of sexual abuse assisted by the Programa de Atendimento às Vítimas de Violência Sexual- PAVVS of a hospital, in Cuiabá- Mato Grosso. The hospital carries out several health services to the community through Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). The programme is a state reference in supporting victims of sexual abuse- acute abuse (the first 72 hours) and legal abortion. The study was conducted with seven teenagers who were victimized sexually, being five of them female and two male, in the age range from thirteen to sixteen years old (M=14 and DP=1,3), who were being psychologically assisted at PAVVS, in which the data collection was made individually. It has as method the qualitative clinical research, made through comprehensive multiple case studies. The instruments used were: socioeconomic questionnaire and Child Behavior Checklist- CBL/6-18, applied with the parents/ legal guardians and caregiver, and for the teenagers it was applied: Assessment of identity Development in Adolescence - AIDA, Test House Tree Person and Teste de Inteligência Geral Não Verbal TIG-NV. As results, at HTP, the indicators of fear, insecurity, introversion, inadequacy, anxiety, sexual concerns, dependence, evasion, feelings of inferiority, difficulties of organization, agressive tendencies were the most identified. At the CBCL, regarding social competence, four teenagers were identified at the borderline rate, two on the clinical rate and one at the non-clinical rate. Four teenagers showed ‘Internal Problems’ at the clinical rate and three were at the non clinical, and for ‘External Problems’ four were identified at the non clinical, one at the borderline rate and two showed issues on the clinical rate. At the TIG-NV four of the teenagers showed cognitive damage, while three showed bigger capacity of thinking. On the AIDA scale, it was identified in the biggest frequency of less healthy identity (performance>15) at the subscales Relationships, Contradictions, Autonomy, Cognitive Autoreflection. In conclusion, the teenagers involved on these situations of abuse can show emotional, cognitive commitments of behavior and at the development of identity. It is highlighted that the instruments used can help in the comprehenssion of the emotional, cognitive conditions and the development of identity in teenagers who were victims of sexual abuse.