Tesis
Controle de fitopatógenos com extratos vegetais
Fecha
2015-03-13Registro en:
BARROS, Liliane Silva de. Controle de fitopatógenos com extratos vegetais. 2015. 77 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Cuiabá, 2015.
Autor
Mendonça, Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de
Kobayasti, Leimi
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3980921888915874
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9525356783136700
Mendonça, Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de
328.043.771-72
http://lattes.cnpq.br/9525356783136700
Kobayasti, Leimi
488.607.001-91
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3980921888915874
328.043.771-72
488.607.001-91
Camili, Elisangela Clarete
262.718.108-45
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7599429487582546
Goussain, Rita de Cassia Santos
717.742.626-49
http://lattes.cnpq.br/6074172796652309
Costa, Mauro Junior Natalino da
000.256.956-65
http://lattes.cnpq.br/1652125296360837
Institución
Resumen
Worldwide, along with population growths comes the demand for more
healthy foods. Among the factors that reduce food production, fungal diseases are of
great relevance. These diseases are traditionally controlled using agrochemical.
However, the increasing demand for products free of chemical residuals has
incentivized research into alternative treatments. Studies have shown that plantbased extracts show potential as an alternative control against diseases. The
objective of this work is to select and evaluate the effect of plant-based extracts on
phytopathogenic fungi and seed germination. Chapter 1, “Vegetable Extracts of
Cerrado plants induce Phytoalexin Production”, evaluates extracts of fresh and dry
leaves on phytoalexin production in mesocotyls of Sorghum bicolor L. Results show
that aqueous extracts of cashew, cerejeira, jequitibá, pequi, lixeira, baru, timbó,
aroeira, tarumã and cambará all activated the production of phytoalexins “in vitro”,
demonstrating that these plants have the ability to assist in the activation of plant
defense mechanisms. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves of timbó and aroeira were the
most efficient phytoalexin inducers for sorghum mesocotyls. In Chapter 2, “Inhibition
of mycelial growth and sclerotia production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with plant
extracts”, the objective was to evaluate inhibition of mycelial growth and sclerotia
production of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, using aqueous extracts of fresh and dry leaves
of cerrado plants. Sterile aqueous extracts of fresh leaves inhibited mycelial growth
of S. Sclerotiorum. We found that sterilized extracts of dry leaves resulted in a lower
number and weight of sclerotia, whereas extracts based on fresh leaves only
reduced the number of sclerotia. The use of sterilized aqueous plant extracts based
on fresh cashew, pequi and aroeira leaves, and non-sterilized aqueous extracts of
pequi and jequitibá stimulate mycelial development of S. sclerotiorum. In Chapter III,
“Plant extracts for the alternative treatment of Guizotia abyssinica seeds”, I aim to
evaluate the potential of plant extracts, in powder and ethanol-based solutions, for
treatment of Niger seeds. It was found that ethanol-based extracts of nim, mutamba
and a powdered extract of mutamba controlled 100% of Cladosporium sp. and
Aspergillus sp. An ethanol-based extract of mango reduced the germination of niger
seeds by 18%. In Chapter IV, “Plant extracts for the alternative treatment of Triticum
aestivum seeds” the effect of different plant extracts on the treatment and
germination of five varieties of wheat seeds was evaluated. It was found that
treatment using an aqueous extract of black pepper is effective for the controlo of
Cladosporium cladosporioides, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum and
11
did not effect germination of Triticum aestivum. Aqueous extracts of nim, coriander,
mutamba and mango reduced the germination of Triticum aestivum seeds.