Tesis
Aspectos fenológicos, morfoanatômicos, bioquímicos e ecofisiológicos de Copernicia alba (Morong ex Morong & Britton) em ambiente alagado e não alagado
Fecha
2018-02-22Registro en:
ARAUJO, Maicon Marinho Vieira. Aspectos fenológicos, morfoanatômicos, bioquímicos e ecofisiológicos de Copernicia alba (Morong ex Morong & Britton) em ambiente alagado e não alagado. 2018. 85 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agricultura Tropical) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Faculdade de Agronomia, Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Cuiabá, 2018.
Autor
Lobo, Francisco de Almeida
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0296723198831816
Lobo, Francisco de Almeida
346.659.001-91
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0296723198831816
Camili, Elisangela Clarete
262.718.108-45
http://lattes.cnpq.br/7599429487582546
346.659.001-91
Ortíz, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez
830.350.526-20
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2783222284467182
Gonçalves, José Francisco de Carvalho
467.640.114-00
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0553096006639259
Dalmagro, Higo José
089.683.367-41
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2968364807067338
Institución
Resumen
Considered one of the largest floodplains on the planet, the Mato
Grosso Pantanal is subject to rainfall changes, with periods of flooding and drought.
This flood pulse governs its hydroecological functioning, conferring particular
biogeochemical and ecological characteristics that sustain vital environmental
conditions for the establishment and development of the vegetal species that coexist
there. About 2,000 plant species live in the Pantanal, but only 18% are found in flooded
and non-flooded environments. One representative of these species is Copernicia
alba, a palm of great regional importance, especially for the production of wood and
waxes, besides representing the second largest area of monodominant formation of
the Pantanal. Thus, C. alba was chosen to help elucidate, through phenological,
morphoanatomical, biochemical and agronomic studies, the adaptive mechanisms of
the plant in environments with different water pressures. Phenological aspects were
obtained by means of biweekly observation of 22 individuals between August 2015 and
August 2017. C. alba showed a perennial behavior, with flowering during the dry
season and greater leaf intensity during the transition between the rainy season and
dry. There was synchrony between the period of fruiting and dispersion of the seeds.
The incidence of floral buds occurred in the dry period, with intense flowering in the
transition between dry and rainy season. The fruiting period occurred only during the
rainy season. The fruit of carandá is a drupe, ranging from ellipsoid to round, of black
color and presents perianto persistent. The endocarp is rigid, dark brown and opaque.
The seed is hemipteral, globose to ovoid shape. The tegument is thin, externally
adhered to the endocarp and endosperm, being formed by three overlapping cell
layers, rich in phenolic compounds. The fruits are rich in carbohydrates and present
seeds with high oil contents. The water uptake by the C. alba seeds follows a three -
phase pattern, presenting a protrusion of the cotyledonary petiole between 168 and
480 hours and 264 and 480 hours for those from the non - flooded and flooded
environment, respectively. Seeds originating from flooded environment remain with
high germination rates, producing healthy seedlings, both in sawdust + sand substrate
and in water. Whereas those from non-flooded environment have a significantly lower
germination rate; caused by rotting of the radicle. For the evaluation of plant growth,
as well as potential gas exchange, substrates composed of the mixture of soil and
organic residues based on chicken litter and bovine manure were used. A commercial
and soil substrate with NPK was also used. It was possible to identify that the
commercial substrate promoted the greatest development of the seedlings and that
the presence of organic matter and mineral nutrients in the substrate of cultivation are
important in the production of C. alba seedlings.