Tesis
Caracterização micrometeorológica e estimativa do balanço hídrico em bacias com formação de campos naturais e floresta no interflúvio entre os rio Purus e Madeira
Fecha
2017-07-05Registro en:
TARTARI, Rodrigo. Caracterização micrometeorológica e estimativa do balanço hídrico em bacias com formação de campos naturais e floresta no interflúvio entre os rio Purus e Madeira. 2017. 129 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física Ambiental) - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Física, Cuiabá, 2017.
Autor
Nogueira, José de Souza
Arruda, Paulo Henrique Zanella de
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5014231677192240
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5893185001802390
Nogueira, José de Souza
072.278.841-04
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5893185001802390
Arruda, Paulo Henrique Zanella de
006.516.071-16
http://lattes.cnpq.br/5014231677192240
072.278.841-04
006.516.071-16
Lobo, Francisco de Almeida
346.659.001-91
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0296723198831816
Marques, Marcelo
023.007.189-95
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0855863872309532
Santos, Aldecy de Almeida
927.759.691-00
http://lattes.cnpq.br/3224921282419849
Dalmagro, Higo José
089.683.367-41
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2968364807067338
Institución
Resumen
This work aimed to investigate the seasonality of micrometeorological components using
automatic stations installed in regions where forest formations and natural fields occur in the
middle course of the Madeira River. The real evapotranspiration component was determined by
Penman Montheit to evaluate the water balance at the watershad level for year 2013, associated
with geoprocessing, flow monitoring and rainfall-flow simulation techniques. During the period
from December to February, the highest irradiance at the top of the atmosphere (Ro) was
detected and in June and July the lowest maximum. During the rainy season, the presence of
clouds is intense and of high density, it inhibits the passage of the radiation, occurring in August
the highest value of global radiation (Rg) in the forest, in comparison to the fields that showed
its maximum value in the month of September. The average annual radiation ratio at the top of
the atmosphere (Rg/Ro) was 46.5% in the forest area and 44.5% in the field area. The balance of
radiation in the forest corresponds to 73% of the global radiation (Rn/Rg), while in the fields
this percentage was 61%. The soil heat flux in the forest area corresponds to less than 2% of the
radiation balance (G/Rn) and in the fields to 22%. The forest behaves like a barrier of airflow
movements, preventing the exchange of heat with the atmosphere. They observed five days with
the occurrence of abrupt reduction of air temperature due to the effect of the cold caused by
mass of polar origin that did not reach the height of 5m in the forest. The relative air humidity
(HR) was superior in the forest in relation to the fields and with instantaneous minima below
30% in August. The winds are predominant coming from the North quadrant and less frequently
from the south direction with occurrence in July. In the transition from the rainy period to the
dry season, there are occurrences of winds coming from the West and in the dry months there is
occurrence of easterly winds. The average velocity of the winds is higher in the field areas in
approximately 2 m.s-1
the forest region in all months, with greater amplitude in the transition
months from rainy to dry and in the dry period. Evapotranspiration was higher in the forest with
a mean of 3.9±1 mm.day-1
in relation to the fields that presented 2.9±1 mm.dia-1
. The percentage
of evapotranspiration that returns to the atmosphere of the forest area corresponds to 66.6% of
the total annual precipitation of 2197.5 mm, and in the field area to 49.5%. The flow in the
basin forest-fields, in the dry season, remained minimal draining to the water, different from the
forest stream that registered zero flow characterizing intermittence. The daily flows were
simulated using the IPH2 model adjusted to the monitoring events, with results that correspond
to the effects of seasonality and rainy events. The monthly water balance shows that the volume
of water in the soil decreases first in the field area because direct radiation propagates on the
surface more intensely at the time. In the rainforest even during the rainy season, the volumes of
water in the soil are slightly smaller than the fields, related to the higher evapotranspiration
occurring. However, the forest has the capacity to store water for a longer period, when the
rainfall decreases, and in June and July the water deficiencies are equalized, and in September
when the fields begin to accumulate water more quickly due to the direct entrance of the
precipitation, where the interception does not occur. During the transition from the dry period to
the rainy season, there are signs of increasing both the availability of water in the soil and also
the increase in flow, and that is when the forest stream returns to the water.