Fatores associados ao distúrbio de voz em professores da rede pública estadual do município de Cuiabá/MT

Abstract

The teachers are the professional category with highest prevalence of voice disorders compared to the general population. Studies related to working conditions and to illness vocals contributed in understand the complex health-disease dynamics in this population group since environmental and organizational factors are widely recognized as contributors to vocal wear. Objective - To analyze the factors associated with voice disorders of public schools teachers in Cuiabá-MT. Methods - We conducted a cross-sectional study with 317 teachers in primary and secondary education, from August 2012 to November 2012. For data collection we used the self-referencing questionnaire called Condition Vocal Production - Teacher (CPV-P). The dependent variable was the voice disorder self-reported and the independent variables sociodemographic characteristics and aspects of occupational and nonoccupational nature. Analyse descriptive, bivariate, stratified and multiple were performed through the Epi-Info 2000 version 3.5.1 and SPSS for Windows version 15.0. Results - The prevalence of voice disorder self-reported by teachers was 81% whose associated factors were work in noisy school (p=0.028), presence of dust in the workplace (p=0.002), stressful work rate (p<0.001 ), take work home (p=0.017), stress at work (p<0.001), speak at open place (p=0.044) and talk loading weight (p=0.022). In analyzes stratified by level of education was identified that among elementary school teachers only the presence of dust in the workplace (PR=1,37; p<0.001) was associated with voice disorder. In the other group of teachers the associated factors were work in noisy school (PR = 1,41; p=0.04), stressful work rate (PR=1,81; p<0.001), repetitive work (PR=1,18; p=0.032), take work home (PR=1,80; p=0.024), and stress at work (PR=2.47; p<0.001). In the multiple analysis, by the Poisson Regression, the stress at work (PR=2.40; p=0,047) remained associated with voice disorder among teachers. Conclusion - Was identified high prevalence of voice disorders among teachers which showed associations with environmental conditions and work organization and vocal aspects. As for the level of education, among elementary school teachers, only dust in the workplace was associated to the voice disorder. In the group that includes other teachers, factors such as work in noisy school, stressful work rate, repetitive work, take work home and work stress were associated with voice disorder. In the final model stress at work remained associated with the voice disorder.