Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e análise fitoquímica preliminar de plantas medicinais utilizadas pelas populações da região do Vale do Juruena e microrregião no Norte Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Abstract

Infectious diseases are among the ten leading causes of deaths worldwide. Natural products are important sources of antibiotics. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity, antioxidant and bioprospect some secondary metabolites of popular use of plants in the region of the Juruena Valley and micro-region in North Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. A sample of each was deposited in deposited in the Herbarium of UFMT and HERBAM. The extracts of the 99 species were obtained by maceration in hydroethanol 70% solution. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the microdilution broth method by which it was determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), clarithromycin and amphotericin (0,39 - 50 μg/mL), were used as standards, bacterial and fungal, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, FRAP and NO using ascorbic acid as a standard, and for the latter quercetin. Two hydroethanolic statements highlighted by the broad spectrum of antibacterial activity: Bauhinia glabra (EHBg) and Terminalia argentea (EHTa). The EHBg showed good antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC = 25 μg/mL), moderate against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 200 μg/mL) and Streptococcus pyogenes (MIC = 400 μg/mL) and weak activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 800 μg/mL). The EHTa showed moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 200 μg/mL), Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis e Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 400 μg/mL). Two hydroethanolic extracts highlighted by the broad spectrum of antifungal activity: Bertholletia excelsa (EHBe), Cochlospermum regium (EHCch) andd Qualea grandiflora (EHQg). The EHBe showed moderate activity against Aspergillus terreus (MIC = 100 μg/mL), Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC = 200 μg/mL), Candida glabrata and Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC = 400 μg/mL), and weak activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis (MIC = 800 μg/mL). The EHCch showed good activity against Penicillium verrucosum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum (MIC = 6,25 μg/mL), moderate against Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazole-resistent, Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC = 400 μg/mL) and weak against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus terreus (MIC = 800 μg/mL). The EHQg showed good activity against Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 12,5 μg/mL) and weak against Candida albicans, Candida albicans fluconazole-resistent, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Aspergillus terreus (MIC = 800 μg/mL). Stood out for their antioxidant activity in models of DPPH and FRAP, respectively, EHBe (IC50 = 0,39 ± 0,08 e 65,00 ± 8,67 μg/mL), Cariniana rubra (IC50 = 0,44 ± 016 E 64,00 ± 4,43 μg/mL) and Cedrela odorata (IC50 = 0,56 ± 0,08 and 56,37 ± 0,75μg/mL), no hydroethanolic extract tested exhibited IC in the model. The total phenols content in hydroethanolic extracts ranged from 0,06 - 10,91 mgEAt/g, the total flavonoids 0,01 a 4,40 mgER/g and the coumarins showed variation from 0,011 - 2,09 mgEC/g. The results show the existence of biologically active components in medicinal plants Juruena Valley region and micro region in North Araguaia, confirming its popular use for the treatment of infections. These properties showed strong antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of extracts that could be applied in the future in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics.